Abstract
Abstract This study presents a taxonomic survey of the species of Acanthaceae in the Cuiabá lowlands, an area encompassing several habitats, from rock outcrops in Chapada dos Guiamarães to the periodically flooded forest areas in the Pantanal. Herbarium collections were analyzed and 13 field expeditions were carried out to visit different phytophysiognomies and ecosystems. The family is represented by 31 species and 12 genera, the most diverse being Justicia (10 species) and Ruellia (eight species). Additionally, Dicliptera squarrosa, Dyschoriste schottiana, Ruellia blechum, R. jussieuoides, and R. trachyphylla are newly recorded in the state of Mato Grosso. The number of species is higher if compared with other taxonomic studies of Acanthaceae in Central-Western Brazil. Despite the area being overlooked by the botanical community, we expect our results will instigate further taxonomic studies in the area. This study provides an identification key, short descriptions, comments on taxonomy and distribution, and photographs.
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