Academic Productivity of Young People With Allergic Rhinitis: A MASK-air Study

Abstract

Several studies have suggested an impact of allergic rhinitis on academic productivity. However, large studies with real-world data (RWD) are not available. To use RWD to assess the impact of allergic rhinitis on academic performance (measured through a visual analog scale [VAS] education and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire plus Classroom Impairment Questions: Allergy Specific [WPAI+CIQ:AS] questionnaire), and to identify factors associated with the impact of allergic rhinitis on academic performance. We assessed data from the MASK-air mHealth app of users aged 13 to 29 years with allergic rhinitis. We assessed the correlation between variables measuring the impact of allergies on academic performance (VAS education, WPAI+CIQ:AS impact of allergy symptoms on academic performance, and WPAI+CIQ:AS percentage of education hours lost due to allergies) and other variables. In addition, we identified factors associated with the impact of allergic symptoms on academic productivity through multivariable mixed models. A total of 13,454 days (from 1970 patients) were studied. VAS education was strongly correlated with the WPAI+CIQ:AS impact of allergy symptoms on academic productivity (Spearman correlation coefficient= 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.58; 0.80]), VAS global allergy symptoms (0.70 [95% CI= 0.68; 0.71]), and VAS nose (0.66 [95% CI= 0.65; 0.68]). In multivariable regression models, immunotherapy showed a strong negative association with VAS education (regression coefficient=-2.32 [95% CI=-4.04;-0.59]). Poor rhinitis control, measured by the combined symptom-medication score, was associated with worse VAS education (regression coefficient= 0.88 [95% CI= 0.88; 0.92]), higher impact on academic productivity (regression coefficient= 0.69 [95% CI= 0.49; 0.90]), and higher percentage of missed education hours due to allergy (regression coefficient= 0.44 [95% CI= 0.25; 0.63]). Allergy symptoms and worse rhinitis control are associated with worse academic productivity, whereas immunotherapy is associated with higher productivity.