Abstract
BackgroundMany concussion symptoms, such as headaches, vision problems, or difficulty remembering or concentrating may deleteriously affect school functioning. Our objective was to determine if academic performance was lower in the academic calendar year that students sustain a concussion compared to the previous year when they did not sustain a concussion.MethodsUsing Manitoba Health and Manitoba Education data, we conducted a population-based, controlled before-after study from 2005–2006 to 2010–2011 academic years. Grade 9–12 students with an ICD9/10 code for concussion were matched to non-concussed controls. Overall changes in grade point average (GPA) were compared for the academic year prior to the concussion to the academic year the concussion occurred (or could have occurred among non-concussed matched students).ResultsOverall, 8240 students (1709 concussed, 6531 non-concussed students) were included. Both concussed and non-concussed students exhibited a lower overall GPA from one year to the next. Having sustained a concussion resulted in a -0.90% (95% CI: -1.88, 0.08) reduction in GPA. Over the same period, non-concussed matched students’ GPA reduced by -0.57% (95% CI: -1.32, 0.19). Students who sustained a concussion during high school were just as likely to graduate within four years as their non-concussed peers (ORadj: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.02).ConclusionsWe found that, at a population level, a concussion had minimal long-term effects on academic performance during high school. While academic accommodations and Return-to-Learn programs are an important component of pediatric concussion management, research is needed to identify risk factors for poor academic performance after a concussion and who should receive these programs.
Highlights
Concussion is a form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) defined as a ‘complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by biomechanical forces’ [1]
Having sustained a concussion resulted in a -0.90% reduction in grade point average (GPA)
Non-concussed matched students’ GPA reduced by -0.57%
Summary
Concussion is a form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) defined as a ‘complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by biomechanical forces’ [1]. Studies suggest that symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, impaired concentration, and slowed processing speed may impair academic performance [19,20], students with concussion may be at risk of falling behind in the classroom. Together, these issues could result in students trying to work harder in an attempt to make up missed school work, which may exacerbate concussion symptoms. These issues could result in students trying to work harder in an attempt to make up missed school work, which may exacerbate concussion symptoms Many concussion symptoms, such as headaches, vision problems, or difficulty remembering or concentrating may deleteriously affect school functioning. Our objective was to determine if academic performance was lower in the academic calendar year that students sustain a concussion compared to the previous year when they did not sustain a concussion.
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