Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. On osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, osteoclastic activity, and bone calcium mineralization.

Abstract

Since ancient times Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. (AA) consumed for the bone and muscle related disorder like the bone fracture, rheumatoid arthritis, and bone loss. To study the effects of the aqueous (AAA) and ethanolic extract (AAE) of AA on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, osteoclastic activity and bone matrix mineralization using in vitro primary bone-marrow cultures. Effect of AAA and AAE was estimated using four in vitro assays. Primary bone marrow cell culture, isolated from rat femur bone, was used for all the assays. Cell growth and viability were assessed by standard colorimetric assays like MTT assay. The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblastic lineage was evaluated by the measuring the levels of the osteoblast-specific marker, alkaline phosphatase. Antiosteoclastic action and matrix mineralization were measured using TRAP assay and Alizarin red-s staining assay, respectively. It indicates that AAA causes more increase in osteoblast differentiation and a reduction in osteoclast activity as compared to AAE. In osteoblast proliferation assay, AAA was found to promote more cell proliferation as compared to AAE. Higher concentrations of AAA significantly increased mineralization of bone-like matrix. The extracts of AA have a significant positive influence on osteogenesis and they inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Hence, these extracts have the potential to be developed as a therapy for osteoporosis.