Abstract
Cascading failures are one of the main mechanisms causing widespread blackouts of power networks. Models simulating the behavior of cascading failures are widely used in the literature to understand fault propagation and investigate effective mitigation strategies. However, there is a lack of validated models that address the specific requirements of resilience analysis in power networks and that are computationally fast and converge reliably for very large contingency sizes that may occur under extreme events. This article presents a novel comprehensive ac cascading failure model particularly designed for resilience analysis in power networks. The model is capable to deal with large contingency sizes, it is computationally efficient in large networks and integrates seamlessly with established resilience metrics. It incorporates dynamic phenomena and protection mechanisms using static representations. The model is verified following the recommendations by the IEEE PES working group on cascading failures using internal validation, sensitivity analysis, and comparison to historical outage data. Furthermore, an analysis of the impact of different contingency sizes and the dependency of cascades on network loading level, are given to illustrate some applications of the model and to highlight its capabilities.
Highlights
T ACKLING cascading failures, one of the main mechanisms causing widespread blackouts of the power network, have been widely recognized as a crucial aspect in increasing resilience to extreme weather events [1], [2]
This article presented a novel AC-CFM designed for resilience analysis of power networks
The model incorporates dynamic phenomena and protection mechanisms in a static representation, giving insights into how protection mechanisms interact in the propagation of cascading failures, whilst being computationally fast
Summary
T ACKLING cascading failures, one of the main mechanisms causing widespread blackouts of the power network, have been widely recognized as a crucial aspect in increasing resilience to extreme weather events [1], [2]. Other models, such as [22], address nonconverging PFs, but do not consider reactive power and voltage limits and lack subsequent reactions by protection mechanisms, such as excitation limiters and undervoltage load shedding (UVLS) These mechanisms play a crucial part in large cascading failures [4]. The key contribution of this article is the formulation of a comprehensive ac cascading failure model (AC-CFM) in Section III, which is as follows: 1) designed for resilience analysis by integrating seamlessly into established resilience metric frameworks; 2) stable for very large contingencies or extreme conditions by efficiently addressing convergence issues; 3) validated following the approaches by the IEEE PES working group on cascading failures; 4) compared to other ac-based models, explicitly incorporating dynamic phenomena such as voltage and frequency protection mechanisms in a static representation; 5) computationally faster than dynamic cascading models.
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