Abundance and distribution of microplastics in irrigation canal water in Jordan

Abstract

This study investigates the abundance and distribution of microplastics in the KAC waterway, spanning three distinct regions: north, middle, and south. Microplastic concentrations were assessed across six sampling sites within each area, focusing on three size categories: 100–300 µm, 300–500 µm, and > 500 µm. Results reveal ubiquitous microplastic presence across all sites, with average total particle counts ranging from 6691 to 12,907 particles/m3. Notably, microplastic abundance increases along the water channel from north to south, correlating with human activities and urbanization along the water flow. The distribution of microplastics exhibits spatial heterogeneity, with varying concentrations observed both upstream and downstream. Higher particle concentrations dominate in the southern region, potentially linked to agricultural activities and plastic usage. Microplastic identification using FTIR Imaging Microscopy identifies polyester as the predominant type, followed by polyethylene, particularly prevalent in areas with intensive agricultural practices. Morphological analysis suggests sources including textile fibers, agricultural packaging, and tire abrasion. Overall, this research underscores the complex dynamics of microplastic contamination in waterways, highlighting the influence of anthropogenic activities on distribution patterns and composition.