Abstract
Studies on abundance and distribution at different scales are rare. We examined whether the abundance of flower flies at a site in South Korea was related to the national occupancy and global distribution (distributional extent or range size) and whether the national occupancy was related to global distribution. In global distribution, the influence of two dimensions (latitude and longitude) was analyzed separately. Flower flies were collected by malaise and pitfall traps at a forest gap in South Korea. Data regarding national occupancy and global distribution were obtained from a Korean Flower Fly Atlas. We collected 46 species from the field survey and obtained a list of 119 species from the Korean Flower Fly Atlas. Our results showed that abundance at a site was positively correlated with national occupancy, but not global distribution, and the national occupancy was positively correlated with global distribution, mainly by the latitudinal range size. Finally, our results indicated that the regional distribution of flower flies was influenced by its one-dimensional global distribution.
Highlights
Abundance and occupancy relationships comprise some of the most general and well-explored patterns in ecology [1,2,3]
The occupancy increased as the level of latitudinal range size increased (F 1, 117 = 24.967, p < 0.001) (Figure 3a), whereas it was relatively similar among the levels in the longitudinal range size (F1,117 = 1.176, p = 0.28)
The occupancy increased as the global range size increased (F1, 117 = 10.9, p = 0.001) and Tukey’s multiple comparison test varied from small (1, 2, and 3) to large (9 and 12) sizes
Summary
Abundance and occupancy relationships comprise some of the most general and well-explored patterns in ecology [1,2,3]. Positive correlations between abundance (i.e., number of individuals collected) and occupancy (i.e., number of sites where collections are made) were reported globally, including in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater biomes for various taxa, such as birds, butterflies, flower flies, mammals, protists, and plants [1]. This positive correlation between abundance and occupancy is one of a few general ecological patterns. Several hypotheses, such as measurement effects, structural mechanisms, dynamic mechanisms, spatial aggregation, and nonindependence, have been proposed to explain these correlation patterns [1]. The correlation can be Insects 2020, 11, 213; doi:10.3390/insects11040213 www.mdpi.com/journal/insects
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