Abstracts, The Canadian Phytopathological Society, Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, 25-28 June 1995

Abstract

Abstract Variation in isozymes, morphology and growth rate in Pythium ultimum. D.J.S. Barr, S.I. Warwick, and N.L. Desaulniers. Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6. Identification of root-rot organisms in nursery seedlings by PCR. Pierre Bérubé and Richard C. Hamelin. Canadian Forest Service, Québec Region, 1055 rue du PEPS, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada. Late blight of potato in Alberta, 1994. VS. Bisht, PS. Bains, R.J. Howard, J.R. Letal, M.A. Briant, and H.W. Platt. Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, CDC-North, Edmonton, Alberta T5B 4K3; (R.J.H., M.A.B.) CDC-South, Brooks, Alberta TJR 1E6; and (H.W.P.) Agriculture ° Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, Charlottetown, PEJ CIA 7M8. Forest protection at Argentina: the "RESANFORNEUQUEN" project. S.N. Blumenfeld, H.E. Giganti, and G. Dapoto. Departamento de Biologia Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Cinco Saltos (8303), Rio Negro, Argentina. Host-range of rhizobacteria effective as biocontrol agents of downy brome. S.M. Boyetchko and B. Holmstrom-Ruddick. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2. Impact of rotation and tillage on disease losses of field crops in northeast Saskatchewan in 1994. L.A. Boyko, K.L. Bailey, and A.M. Johnston. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Center, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2. Light and electron microscope studies of mycoparasites of Alternaria brassicae. L.A. Boyko and J.P. Tewari. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5. Histochemistry of the wound healing response in roots of several hosts of Orobanche spp. R.A. Brammall and E.A Hassan. Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario, Box 587, Simcoe, Ontario N3Y 4N5; and Botany Department, National Research Centre, 12311 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. Resistance of herbivorous insects to plant proteinase inhibitors. R.M. Broadway. Department of Entomology, NY State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA. Adhesion of Rhodosporidium toruloides to barley leaves and polystyrene. J.W. Buck and J.H. Andrews. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA. Assuring the safe use of microbial biocontrol agents: a need for policy based on real rather than perceived risks. R. James Cook. USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164 and Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, Washington, DC 20250, USA, Effects of cultivar, watering, wounding, and foliar age on juniper infection by Kabatina juniperi. S. Cook and T. Hsiang. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1. An industry perspective on registration and commercialization of biocontrol agents in Canada. J.V. Cross and D.R. Polonenko. Philom Bios, 318-111 Research Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3R2 Distribution of Armillaria ostoyae in thinning stumps and growth of mycelium to adjacent Douglas fir trees in three biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia. M.G. Cruickshank, D.J. Morrison, and Z.K. Punja. Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, and (DJM), Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific and Yukon Region, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z1M5. Comparision of ribosomal DNA and restriction site polymorphisms in six species of Fusarium. A. Duggal, M. Dumas, R. Jeng, and M. Hubbes. Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3; and (M.D.) Forestry Canada — Ontario Region, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario P6A IPO. Effect of soil steaming on the viability of Cylindrocladium floridanum microsclerotia and soil microbial activity. M.T. Dumas, S. Greifenhagen, and T.R. Meyer. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Ontario Region, P.O. Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 5M7; and (S.G. and T.R.M.) Ontario Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 969, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 5N5. Interactions between Cylindrocladium floridanum and species of Trichoderma. M.T. Dumas, G.M. Strunz, N.W. Boyonoski, and H.J. Finlay. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Ontario Region, P.O. Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 5M7; (G.M.S., H.J.F.) Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Maritimes Region, Bag 4000, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5P7. The effect of weed cultivation on infection of wheat and corn by Gibberella zeae. Yann Dupeux and T.C. Paulitz. Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9. Electrophoretic karyotypes of different clones of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Deena Errampalli and Linda M. Kohn. Department of Botany, Erindale College, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6. Spore release and infection gradients of Gibberella zeae from a point source inoculum in a wheat field. W.G.D. Fernando, T.C. Paulitz, W.L. Seaman, J.D. Miller, P. Dutilleul, and K. Seifert. Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6; and (TCP.) McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9. Production of multiple antifungal compounds by PGPR strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Serratia plymuthica. P. Gamard, R. Bel-Rhlid, C. Labbe, R. Bélanger, and T. Paulitz. Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9; and(R.B.- R., CL., R.B.) Département de Phytologie de l'Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec G1K 7P4. Origin and inheritance of a chromosome length polymorphism in the barley covered smut fungus, Ustilago hordei. D.A. Gaudet and J. Gusse. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB TU 4B1. Structural integrity is essential for the infectivity of a ribozyme-dependent subviral RNA plant pathogen. D.L. Gellatly and M.G. AbouHaidar. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2. Effects of Phaeosphaeria nodorum seed infection and seed treatment on germination, emergence, and plant vigour of spring wheat. J. Gilbert and A. Tekauz. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg Research Centre, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M9. Colonization of selected tomato cultivars by Verticillium dahliae Races 1 and 2. J. Gold and J. Robb. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1 Alternative initiation of translation in Escherichia coli. A.. Golshani, I.G. Ivanov, and M.G. AbouHaidar. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2. Disease progress of crown rot of alfalfa on the Canadian prairies. B.D. Gossen. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Saskatoon. Saskatchewan S7N 0X2. Genetic diversity in populations of Cronartium ribicola in plantations and natural stands of Pinus strobus. Richard C. Hamelin, Jean Beaulieu, and Ariane Plourde. Canadian Forest Service, Quebec Region, 1055 rue du PEPS, Ste-Foy, Québec. Characterization of potential commercial microbial inoculants antagonistic to Rhizoctonia solani and Cochliobolus sativus. K.G. Hanson, M.S. Reddy, G.R. Hughes, and J.R. Lawrence. Cominco Fertilizers Ltd. — Ag Biologicals, 402-15 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2X8; (G.R.H.) Department of Crop Science and Plant Ecology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W0; and (J.R.L.) National Hydrology Research Inst., Environment Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5. Plant resistance to fungi. Michéle C. Heath. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1 AI. Expression of the coat protein of potato virus X from a dicistronic messenger RNA in transgenic potato plants. K.L. Hefferon, H. Khalilian, H. Xu, and M.G. AbouHaidar. Department of Botany, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2. Differential expression of tPAL5 in Verticillium alboatrum- infected tomatoes. R. Heinz, R.N. Nazar, A. Saparno, and J. Robb. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1. Resistance to demethylation-inhibiting fungicides in Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. T. Hsiang and W. Barton. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1. Construction and expression of a peptide from the human adenovirus type 41 as part of the capsid protein (CP) of papaya mosaic potexvirus: role of the N-terminus of the CP in symptoms modulation. R. Ikegami, V.J. Higgins, and M.G. AbouHaidar. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2. A comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the ceratoulmin gene between aggressive and nonaggressive isolates of Ophiostoma ulmi sensu lato, the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. R.S. Jeng, W.E. Hintz, C.G. Bowden, P.A. Horgen, and M. Hubbes. Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3; (W.E.H.) Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2; and (C.G.B. and P.A.H.) Center of Plant Biotechnology, University of Toronto, Erindale Campus, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6. Characterization of an amplified polymorphic DNA marker linked to the verticillium wilt resistance gene in tomato. L.M. Kawchuk, J. Hachey, D.R. Lynch, and P.S. Bains. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta TU 4B1; and (P.S.B.) Crop Diversification Centre North, Alberta Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, R.R. #6, Edmonton, Alberta T5B 4K3. Effect of temperature on susceptibility of lentil genotypes and virulence of isolates of Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis. Seid Ahmed Kemal and R.A.A. Morrall. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 Evaluation of large dosages of seed treatments and a foliar spray with fungicides to control blackleg on three cultivars of canola. P.D. Kharbanda. D.A. Humphries, and S.P. Werezuk. Alberta Environmental Centre, Bag 4000, Vegreville, Alberta T9C 1T4. Variation in mitochondrial DNA of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Y. Kohli and L.M. Kohn. Department of Biology, Erindale College, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6. Use of molecular marker variability for the identification of Colletotrichum isolates and species. H.R. Kutcher and K. Mortensen. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2. Effective suppression of Botrytis cinerea in greenhousegrown cyclamen by Gliocladium roseum. De-Wei Li, John C. Sutton, and Gang Peng. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1. Control of damping-off of safflower by bacterial seed treatment.. X.Y. Liang, H.C. Huang, L.J. Yanke, and G.C. Kozub. (X.Y.L.) Institute of Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canda. Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J4B1. Mechanisms of resistance in plants to bacterial pathogens. P.B. Lindgren and J.L. Jakobek. Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA. Aphid-acquisition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AA-ELISA): Phloem-feeding aphids used as microsyringes in a sensitive, nondestructive assay for phloemlimited plant virus infections. C. Liu, S. Haber, and A. Tekauz. Institute of Plant Protection, Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangling, China; (S.H. and A.T.) Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M9. Collection and evaluation of bacterial isolates for biological control of celery late blight (Septoria apiicola). Nancy Lovering, A.C. Kushalappa, and T.C. Paulitz. Plant Science Department, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9. Race specific elicitor of Cladosporium fulvum stimulates the generation of active oxygen species in tomato leaves. H. Lu and V.J, Higgins. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2. Development of Gliocladium virens for damping-off disease control. R.D. Lumsden. Room 274, Building 011 A, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Coinfection and induction of systemic resistance by weakly and highly virulent isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans. G.S. Mahuku, R. Hall, and P.H. Goodwin. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1. Inhibition of tomato ringspot virus by flavonoids and related compounds. B. Malhotra, C.J. French, D. James, and G.H.N. Towers. Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2BI; (C.J.F.) Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agriculture Research Station, 6660 N. W. Marine Drive, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1X2; (D.J.) Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saanichton Centre for Plant Health, 8801 East Saanich Rd, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 1H3. Fusarium species associated with alfalfa roots as influenced by stand age. R.A. Martin and M. Suzuki. Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Charlottetown Research Centre, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island CIA 7M8. Evaluation of onion lines for resistance to botrytis leaf blight (Botrytis squamosa Walker). M.R. McDonald, I.L. Goldman, and T.W. Walters. Muck Research Station, Kettleby, Ontario LOG 1J0; (I.L.G.) Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl 153706, USA; and (T.W. w'.) Department of Fruit and Vegetable Science, Cornell Univiversity, Ithaca, NY 14853-5908, USA. Mutational analysis of the pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) gene. A.X. Meng, J. Xu, and M.G. AbouHaidar. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2. Induction of systemic acquired disease resistance in carrot foliage by Cercospora carotae. J. Mercier and J. Kuc. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40546, USA A method involving ice nucleation for screening antagonists of Erwinia amylovora on pear flowers. J. Mercier and S.E. Lindow. Department of E.S.P.M., University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Effects of flaming and removing potato vines, and fumigating soil on population densities of Verticillium dahliae. S.I. Mpofu and R. Hall. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1. Assessment of three fungi as potential mycoherbicides for suppressing Rubus spp. in reforestation sites. C. Oleskevich, S.F. Shamoun, and Z.K. Punja. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A IS6; and (S.F.S.) Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5. Genetic engineering resistance to root-knot nematodes. C.H. Opperman and M.A. Conkling. Departments of Plant Pathology and Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA, Sites of infection in tomato stems by Botrytis cinerea. G. Peng, J.C. Sutton, and D.W. Li. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2WL ER associated RNA synthesis in WSMV infected cells. S.C. Perera and A. Nassuth. Department of Botany, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG2W1. Characterization of isolates of Phytophthora infestons from Canada according to mating type and sensitivity to metalaxyl. R.D. Peters, H.W.(Bud) Platt, R. Hall, B Matheson, and L. McNally-Shanahan. Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada, Charlottetown Research Centre, P.O. Box 1210, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island CIA 7M8; and (R.H.) Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1. Utilizing PCR-based assays to identify verticillium wilt causal agents in soil and potato tissues. H.W. (Bud) Platt, P.W. Maxwell, J. Robb, and R. Nazar. Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada, Charlottetown Research Centre, P.O. Box 1210, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island CIA 7M8; and (J.R. and R.N.) Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1 Potato cultivar foliar and tuber rot responses to late blight. H.W. (Bud) Platt, R.D. Reddin, D. Ormrod, and R.D. Peters. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown Research Centre, P.O. Box 1210, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island CIA 7M8. Development of a model to predict sporulation of Bremia lactucae in lettuce. E.T. Potter, A.C. Kushalappa, G. Bourgeois, and O. Carisse. Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9; and (G.B. and O.C) Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Jean sur Richelieu, Québec J3B 3E6. Double-stranded RNAs in Chalara elegans alter growth, morphology, pathogenicity and survival. Z.K. Punja. Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Pest Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6. Comparative morphology, physiology and pathogenicity of three Sclerotium species. Z.K. Punja and A. Damiani. Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Pest Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6. Heterobasidion annosum in southern Ontario. V.L. Raffle and T. Hsiang. Department of Environmental Biology, University ofGuelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1. Response of transgenic cucumber and carrot plants expressing chitinases to inoculation with fungal pathogens. S.H.T. Raharjo and Z.K. Punja. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Bitrnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6. Efficacy of fungicides for the control of ascochyta blight in field pea. K.Y. Rashid, T.D. Warkentin, and A.G. Xue. Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Unit 100 - 101, Route 100, Morden, Manitoba R6M IY5. Screening white lupine cultivars for resistance to Phoma sp. and C. gloeosporioides. M.V. Bhaskara Reddy, G. Atlin, and T. Paulitz. Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9; and (G.A.) Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3. Eradication of seedborne Diaporthe phaseolorum in soybean by microwave treatment. M.V. Bhaskara Reddy, AC. Kushalappa, G.S.V. Raghavan, and M.M.P. Stephenson. Plant Science Department; (G.S.V.R.) Agricultural Engineering Department, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9. An investigation of fungal- and chemical-induced cell death in cowpea leaves. D.E. Ryerson and M.C. Heath. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2. Mitochondrial genetic exchange in a natural population of Armillaria gallica. B.J. Saville and J.B. Anderson. Department of Botany, Erindale College, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario L5L IC6. Detection of double-stranded RNA and virus-like particles in Chondrostereum purpureum and their effects on virulence. Simon F. Shamoun, R.A. Valverde, and T.D. Ramsfield. Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5; (R.A.V.) Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, L.A. 70802, USA, and (T.D.R.) Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W2Y2. Induction of xylanase activity in wheat leaves by wheat streak mosaic virus infection. F. Siddiq, S.A. Kofalvi, and A. Nassuth. Department of Botany, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1. Analysis of 3' UTR and capsid gene sequences of two (PVYN) symptoms variants. Mathuresh Singh and Rudra P. Singh. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, P.O. Box 20280, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4Z7. The complete nucleotide sequence of a common strain of potato virus Y (PVY°). Mathuresh Singh and Rudra P. Singh. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, P.O. Box 20280, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4Z7. Changes in the plant endomembrane system associated with callose deposition during the infection of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by the cowpea rust fungus (Uromyces vignae). D. Skalamera and M.C. Heath. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2. Differentiation of Sphaeropsis sapinea morphotypes based on genetics and host response. G.R. Stanosz, DR. Smith, and J. Blodgett. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WJ 53706, USA. Epiphytic growth and survival of Tilletiopsis pallescens, a potential biological control agent of Sphaerotheca fuliginea, on cucumber leaves. E.J. Urquhart and Z.K. Punja. Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A IS6. Potential and problems of developing bacterial biocontrol agents. R.S. Utkhede. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, Summerland, British Columbia V0H 1Z0. Bacterial metabolic products as a potential control of late blight. J.M. Webster, G. Chen, and K. Ng. Centre for Pest Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6. Biological and molecular characterization of hemibiotrophic infection of round-leaved mallow by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae. Y.D. Wei and P.H. Goodwin. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1. Identification and virulence of Pythium species on perennial ryegrass and creeping bentgrass in Ontario. C. Wu, T. Hsiang, L. Yang, and L. Liu. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1. Synergistic relationship between potato aucuba mosaic virus and potato virus Y strain O. H. Xu and M. G. AbouHaidar. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2. Constitutive expression of pokeweed antiviral protein and inclusion body formation in E. coli. J. Xu, K. Hefferon, and M.G. AbouHaidar. Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2. Occurrence of strawberry anthracnose fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in Manitoba. A.G. Xue and C.G. Davidson. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, AgriFood Diversification Research Centre, Unit 100-101 Route 100, Morden, Manitoba R6M 1Y5. Purification and characterization of a novel isoform of chitinase from mature carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots. Y.Y. Zhang and Z.K. Punja. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6. Characterization of Venturia inaequalis isolates with double-stranded RNA. T. Zhou and R. DeYoung. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pest Management Research Centre, Vineland Station, Ontario LOR 2E0 Control of disappearing root rot (Cylindrocarpon destructans) of ginseng with fungicides applied as soil drenches. A.M.A. Ziezold, R. Hall, and R.D. Reeleder. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2WJ; and (R.D.R.) Research Station, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Delhi, Ontario N4B 2W9.