Abstract

As a consequence of global warming and subsequent changes in climatic conditions around the world, rainfall intensity is likely to decrease in many regions of the world, especially in those overpopulated areas which are already under considerable water stress. To overcome water shortages, alternative sources must be made available. Atmospheric humidity is one of the sources that needs to be considered. Various methods of capturing water vapor are already in use. The traditional method – rainwater harvesting – is a passive approach, whereas cloud seeding and rainfall enhancement by electrically influencing the lower atmosphere are proactive methods. Some of the methods of capturing atmospheric water vapor, for example, collecting water from fog, have very local effects. By contrast, large areas may be influenced by using artificial heat islands, seeding clouds with chemical substances, and applying electrophysical processes. It is important to note that capturing atmospheric humidity can help solve water-scarcity problems only if treated as the first step in a chain of processes including storage, purification, and sound distribution practices. These processes should be integrated into regional water-management policies to enable long-term sustainable solutions.

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