Abstract
Background and purpose: Cortical superficial siderosis (CSS) is a neuroimaging marker of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and has been associated with a high risk for intracerebral hemorrhage. However, CSS in acute stroke patients have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of CSS in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the relation between CSS and clinical or radiologic characteristics. Methods: From September 2014 through June 2016, consecutive acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients who were admitted to our department within 7 days from symptom onset were retrospectively recruited from the prospective registry. CSS was defined as a homogeneous curvilinear signal intensity (black) on T2*-GRE sequences in the superficial layers of the cerebral cortex, within the subarachnoid space, away from at least three sulci of the hematoma with no corresponding signal hyperintensity on FLAIR sequences, to exclude potential hemorrhagic mimics. We analyzed the association between CSS and the topographic distribution of cerebral microbleeds (MBs), white matter lesions plus cardiovascular risk factors. Results: A total of 680 patients (530 ischemic stroke and 150 hemorrhagic stroke; median age 71 years) were enrolled in the present study. CSS was detected in 6 patients (1.1 %) with ischemic stroke and 7 patients (4.7%) with hemorrhagic stroke ( P < 0.0001). CSS are associated with previous stroke ( P = 0.0234), hemorrhagic stroke ( P < 0.0001), white matter lesions ( P = 0.0105), and lobar and non-lobar MBs (both P < 0.0001), but no relationship between age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors and CSS were found. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, high lobar MBs (≥ 2; odds ratio [OR], 74.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.24-1553.25; P < 0.0001) and hemorrhagic stroke (OR, 4.30; 95% CI, 1.12-18.14; P = 0.0336) were independently associated with the presence of CSS. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CSS occurs with high prevalence in hemorrhagic stroke patients and is associated with lobar MBs, while the association between CSS and age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors were not observed.
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