Abstract P4-05-07: Whole-exome and RNA-sequencing analyses of acinic cell carcinomas of the breast

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Acinic cell carcinoma of the breast (ACC) is an exceedingly rare histologic form of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with a generally good clinical behavior. Despite its unique histology, targeted sequencing analysis of ACC has failed to identify recurrent genetic alterations other than those found in common forms of TNBC. Here, we subjected three breast ACCs to whole-exome and RNA-sequencing, seeking to define whether they would be underpinned by a pathognomonic genetic alteration that would distinguish them from common forms of TNBC. Materials and methods: Three breast ACCs were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-sequencing. Somatic mutations, copy number alterations, mutational signatures and fusion genes were determined using a validated bioinformatics pipeline. We also estimated DNA-based measures of genomic instability including mutational signatures (using SigMA), large-scale state transition (LST) and telomeric allelic imbalance (NtAI). Results: No oncogenic in-frame fusion transcript was identified in the breast ACCs analyzed. ACCs displayed a median of 173 (range, 92-230) non-synonymous somatic mutations as defined by WES. We detected clonal TP53 hotspot mutations associated with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the wild-type allele in two ACCs (ACC1 and ACC18). In contrast, the TP53 wild-type ACC (ACC12) harbored a pathogenic MLH1 germline mutation (p.Glu227_Ser295del) and a clonal hotspot mutation in CTNNB1 (p.Lys335Ile). No cancer gene other than TP53 was found to be mutated in >1 case. Copy number analysis revealed that ACC18 harbored a BRCA1 homozygous deletion and focal amplification of 20p12.3 encompassing PCNA. Moreover, the TP53-mutant cases, ACC1 and ACC18, displayed complex copy number profiles, with multiple gains and losses and focal high-level amplifications. Consistent with the BRCA1 homozygous deletion, ACC18 displayed genomic features of homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency (HRD), such as a dominant mutational signature 3, a high LST score (24), a high NtAI score (23) and a high number of ‘small deletions’ >5bps. In contrast, and consistent with its DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, ACC12 had a simple genome without detectable copy number alterations, displayed a dominant mutational signature 6 associated with defective MMR, microsatellite instability (MSI) as determined by MSIsensor and loss of MLH1 expression by immunohistochemical analysis. Conclusions: Our findings lend further support to the notion that ACCs of the breast are genetically heterogeneous and display genomic features overlapping with those of common forms of TNBCs. Although no pathognomonic genetic alterations were detected in these cases, our data suggest that at least some ACCs of the breast may arise in the setting of HRD or MSI through distinct molecular mechanisms. Our data also suggest the possibility that both BRCA1 and TP53 loss of function may not be sufficient for a TNBC to display high-grade features and that inactivation of these two genes may not necessarily result in the development of high-grade TNBC. Citation Format: Francisco Beca, Simon SK Lee, Fresia Pareja, Arnaud Da Cruz Paula, Pier Selenica, Lorenzo Ferrando, Hannah Y Wen, Hong Zhang, Elena Guerini-Rocco, Emad A Rakha, Britta Weigelt, Jorge S Reis-Filho. Whole-exome and RNA-sequencing analyses of acinic cell carcinomas of the breast [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-05-07.