Abstract
Abstract Resistance to tamoxifen is a major problem in treating women with estrogen receptor-positive (ERa+) breast cancer (BCa). Previous studies report elevated levels of the androgen receptor (AR) in tamoxifen-resistant (TamR) human mammary tumors. Inversely, in vitro overexpression of AR in ERa+-MCF-7 cells potentiates growth in the presence of tamoxifen. AR is a target for small ubiquitin like modifiers (SUMO) posttranslational modification (PTM). Prostate cancer (PCa) studies, show that SUMO-PTMs can have diverse effects on AR transcriptional activity, by modifying the AR itself or its co-regulators. SUMOylation regulates the AR's interaction with chromatin and modulates its function in a gene selective manner. Although SUMO-1 inhibited the AR transcriptional activity, SUMO-3 strongly enhanced the transactivation of AR in LNCaP cells but negatively affected the AR transcriptional activity in primary prostate epithelial cells. On the other hand, SUMO modifications and its subsequent effects on the AR in breast tumors and in particular TamR-BCa is unknown. Our objective is to understand how SUMO-PTMs affect AR activity in TamR-BCa. Others report that high Ubc9, a SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme, correlates with with aggressive phenotypes of BCa and that PIAS3, a SUMO E3 ligase, expression increases in breast tumors. Consistently, we now report that global SUMO2/3-conjugation is enhanced while the full-length SUMO protease SENP7 (SENP7L) is reduced in TamR-BCa cells. Collectively, these observations would suggest reduced SUMO dynamics in TamR-BCa as compared to tamoxifen-sensitive (TamS) BCa cells. Unlike PCa cells that favor unmodified over SUMOylated AR, we report that AR SUMOylation is potentiated in TamR-BCa cells. Functionally, SUMOylation of AR augments its chromatin binding and enhances its transcriptional activity. Our results suggest that the level of unmodified to SUMOylated AR is dramatically altered with onset of TamR and drives a functionally distinct population of AR in TamR versus TamS BCa. Consistently these biochemical reactions that define protein diversity could have a major impact on drug resistance in BCa. Citation Format: Bahnassy S, Kumar S, Ren J, Frutiz G, Karami S, Bawa-Khalfe T. Androgen receptor in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer is affected by SUMO [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-04-21.
Published Version
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