Abstract P133: Added Sugar Intake Is Associated With Greater 2-hour Glucose And Lower Muscle Quality In Adults Free Of Diabetes: Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults Study

Abstract

Background: - Excess added sugar (AS) intake was shown to promote insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in animal studies, while sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake was associated with insulin resistance and lipids in skeletal muscle in humans. However, SSBs account for only 40% of AS intake. US adults consume excessive AS from foods and beverages relative to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines recommendation which limit AS intake to <10% of energy intake per day. We evaluated the hypothesis that AS intake is adversely associated with glucose metabolism, insulin, and lean muscle attenuation (MA) in Black and white men and women aged 18-30 years at baseline (Y0). Methods: - After exclusions for diabetes defined as MD diagnosis, insulin or oral agent use, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or HbA1c ≥6.5%, outlying energy intake, and missing 2-hour glucose, 2,016 adults were included in the analyses. Dietary intake was assessed by Diet History at Y0, Y7 and Y20. At Y25 follow-up, participants free of diabetes underwent a fasting blood draw for glucose, insulin, and triglycerides, an oral glucose tolerance test for 2-hour post-challenge glucose, and an abdominal CT scan for lean MA (an indicator of muscle quality). AS intake was averaged across Y0, Y7, and Y20 and divided into tertiles. General linear regression models estimated the associations across tertiles of AS intake with 2-hour glucose, fasting glucose, insulin, and triglycerides, and lean MA adjusted for potential confounders. Results: - AS intake (Table) was positively associated with 2-hour glucose and fasting insulin and triglycerides (p trend =0.004, 0.04, and 0.01, respectively) and inversely associated with lean MA (p trend =0.02). AS intake was not associated with fasting glucose (p trend =0.57). Conclusions: - Among adults free of diabetes, greater long-term AS intake was associated with higher 2-hour glucose and fasting insulin and triglycerides, and lower muscle quality. Our findings are consistent with the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation to limit AS intake.