Abstract
Background: Although cardiometabolic dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of cancer, the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with and without cancer remains less well-established. Therefore, we aimed to examine the prevalence and association of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with versus without cancer who do not have established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods: Data of ∼1.1 million patients aged 18+ years in the Houston Methodist Learning Health System Outpatient Registry was utilized to identify patients with and without cancer with cardiometabolic risk factors including hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and hypertension using the ICD-10 codes. Patients with prevalent ASCVD were excluded. Age-adjusted prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was calculated and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to determine the association between cardiometabolic factors and risk of cancer. Results: A total of 76,312 (7.8%) patients with cancer and 897,408 (92.2%) patients without cancer were included. Compared with patients without cancer, patients with cancer had increased age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension (38.4% vs 33.4%), obesity (30.7% vs 29.6%), hyperlipidemia (26.0% vs 22.0%) and DM (13.9% vs 11.0%). Compared with patients without cancer, patients with cancer had significantly increased odds of hyperlipidemia (OR 1.32 [1.30, 1.34]), hypertension (OR 1.82 [1.79, 1.85]) and DM (OR 1.42 [1.39, 1.45]). Conversely, obese patients were less likely to have cancer (OR 0.96 [0.95, 0.98]) compared with patients without cancer. Conclusion: Amongst patients without established ASCVD, increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors is observed in patients with cancer versus without cancer. Strategies optimizing cardiometabolic health such as routine screening, monitoring, evaluation, and management of these factors should be prioritized to curtail adverse cardiovascular and cancer outcomes.
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