Abstract P077: Trends In Prevalence Of Cardiometabolic Diseases By Food Security Status, 1999-2016

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), which include coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes (DM) and obesity, are an interrelated set of highly preventable conditions. Food insecurity, another pervasive public health issue, is associated with CMDs. We aim to characterize the prevalence of CMD by food security (FS) status over time. Hypothesis: Prevalence of DM and obesity increased while that of HTN and CHD decreased over time, with pervasive disparities among FS status. Methods: Adults ≥20 years from the 1999-2016 NHANES were included in this analysis. CMD outcomes included DM (prior diagnosed or FPG≥126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥6.5%), CHD (prior diagnosis of myocardial infarction, angina or any other type of CHD), obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) and HTN (≥1 of the following: systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥130 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥80, or currently taking BP medications). FS status was measured through the US Household Food Security Survey Module and recategorized into three levels (full, marginal and low). All estimates were age-standardized to the 2010 US census population. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design. Logistic regressions were conducted to calculate P-values. Results: Our sample included 46,879 adults (79.5% of full, 7.67% of marginal and 12.8% of low FS). HTN prevalence decreased from 50% to 44.4% among the full FS group and from 54.9% to 50.4% among the marginal group (P-trends<0.001, P-interaction=0.009). CHD prevalence decreased from 6.33% to 4.81% (P-trend<0.001) among the full group. Obesity prevalence increased from 31.0% to 38.0% among the full group and from 38.3% to 50.5% among the low group (P-trend<0.001, P-interaction=0.02). DM prevalence increased from 8.30% to 11.3% for the full group, from 14.9% to 21.8% for the marginal group and from 14.8% to 20.1% for the low group (P-trend<0.001) ( Figure ). Conclusion: From 1999 to 2016, the prevalence of CMDs were lowest among participants who were in full FS group and disparities by FS status persisted or worsened.