Abstract
Background: Migraine and dementia are associated with higher vascular risk and both conditions have been linked with structural brain lesions. However, evidence on the possible association between migraine and cognitive performance is unclear. We aimed to analyze whether migraine is associated with cognitive performance within participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, ELSA-Brasil. Methods: Inthis a cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated all participants without previous stroke, who were not taking medications that could impair cognitive performance and with complete data on cognitive tests or migraine at baseline assessment. Migraine based on International Headache Society classification was used as dependent variable in binary logistic models. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease scores for word list memory test (CERAD-WLMT), the semantic fluency test (SFT), and the Trail Making Test version B (TMTB) were categorized into poor cognitive performance as defined by a score below mean minus one standard deviation for a participant’s sex, age and educational-level group for memory and fluency tests and as a score above mean plus one standard deviation for the time to perform the Trail Making Test Version B.. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for marital status, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, body-mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and depression. In women we further adjusted for hormone replacement therapy. Results: We analyzed 4993 men(51.6 ±9.2 y) and 5028 women (51.9±8.9y ). Among those, there were 131 men( 2.6 %) and 926 women migraneurs (18.4%). The proportion of participants in the poor cognitive category did not differ significantly between migraneurs and non-migraneurs for men or women in any of the cognitive tests (p>0.072 for all). Fully adjusted OR (95%) for poor performance in men on immediate recall, late recall, recognition, verbal fluency, and TMTB were 1.02(0.60;1.72),1.15(0.69;1.91), 0.86(0.51;1.43), 1.08(0.51;1.43) and 1.75(0.64;1.82) respectively and in women 1.06(0.69; 1.62); 0.89 (0.61;1.29);1.25(0.81;1.95) and 1.72(1.07;2.77) respectively. Conclusion: Migraine was associated with poorer executive function in middle-aged women after multivariate adjustment including HRT. No association was found for middle-aged men, but this may be a consequence of the lower number of men with migraine compared to women.
Published Version
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