Abstract
Background: The number of people with dementia is increasing in the world and it is of great public health concern. Previous observational studies, mainly from western countries, have reported that modifiable factors for development of dementia were cardiometabolic risk factors, related to genetically determined metabolic abilities and lifestyle. There are no studies comparing which modifiable factors relate to low cognitive scores among populations with the same genetic background but different lifestyle. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to describe factors related to low cognitive scores in Japanese men in two cohorts that are genetically similar but with different lifestyle exposures. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional data from the Kuakini Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS) in Hawaii and Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis (SESSA) in Japan were analyzed. Participants were Japanese men aged 71-81 years (2,628 men in Hawaii and 349 men in Japan). Cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), with low CASI score < 82. Related factors were obtained by questionnaire and measurements. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios of low CASI score by different factors among the two cohorts were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results: Low CASI score was more common in elderly men in Hawaii compared to Japan (21.2% or 556/2,628 versus 12.3% or 43/349, p<0.001). After adjustment for age and educational attainment, these differences were no longer significant (Hawaii 20.3% versus Japan 17.9%, p=0.328). Odds ratios for low cognitive scores were 1.65 in Hawaii with history of stroke, and 1.93 in Japan with history of CHD. Higher odds of low cognitive score were seen with diabetes in Hawaii (OR=1.20), and with BMI≥25 in Japan (OR=1.88). Conclusion: We found different strengths of associations between cardiovascular diseases and cardiometabolic factors with low cognitive scores among genetically similar men in Hawaii and Japan with different lifestyles.
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