Abstract P002: Associations Of Bone Fracture Outcomes With Body Compositions Measurements In A Fragility Fracture Clinic Population

Abstract

Introduction: While preoperative bone health optimization is typical in the fragile population, objective assessment is limited. Among the aged, localized discordance in bone loss is prevalent and may not be assessed properly with traditional diagnostic measures. Etiology for bone loss discordance is unknown, but may be attributed to aging, disease state, habitus, or activity. This study investigated the association between body composition measures and common fragility fractures. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that each different fracture outcome would associate differently with measures of body composition. Methods: The Fragility Fracture Clinic at the University of Michigan provides comprehensive care to promote bone health, accelerate healing, and reduce fracture risk in those with and at-risk for fractures. Participants (N=344) included those who enrolled at the clinic between 2013 and 2020 and received an abdomen and/or pelvis computed tomography (CT) scan up to 120 days prior to initial enrollment date. Fracture categorizations included acute vs. non-acute, intensity (high vs. low energy), and location (thoracic vs. lumbar vertebral). Retrospective CT-scans were obtained from the University of Michigan Picture Archive and Communication System. Analytic Morphomics was used to obtain granular vertebral-indexed measurements of vertebral bone density, fascia, adipose tissue, muscle, vasculature, and interior body dimensions. Relevant measures include bone mineral density (BMD) [vertebral body trabecular bone density in Hounsfield Units (HU)], lower muscle group density in HU (DMG) (cross sectional area of DMG in HU range of 31-100), cortical bone density [anterior cortical half-maximum (in HU)], and fascial width (in mm). Measurements were divided by their standard deviation to ease interpretation of odds ratios. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between body measures and fracture type. Coefficients are reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). An alpha level of 0.05 determine statistical significance. Results: Associations were observed between acute fracture and BMD at L3 [OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36-0.85]; high energy fracture and DMG at L3 [OR 2.08, 1.05-4.64]; low energy fracture and BMD at T8 [OR 0.39, 0.17-0.81]; thoracic vertebral fractures and BMD at T11 [OR 0.39, 0.17-0.81], cortical bone density at T11 [OR 0.64, 0.40-0.95], and fascial width at L4 [OR 0.67, 0.43-0.98]; lumbar vertebral fracture and BMD at L3 [OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.20-0.88]. Conclusion: Body composition measures uniquely associated with fracture outcomes. Lower vertebral trabecular bone density was associated with acute, high energy, thoracic vertebral, and lumbar vertebral fractures; lower lean muscle with high energy fractures; cortical bone density and facial (i.e. visceral cavity) width with thoracic vertebral fractures.