Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is recognized as a leading cause of secondary lymphedema (LED). Although treatment of the underlying venous hypertension may result in symptomatic improvement, anecdotally a significant number of patients with CVI will have persistent swelling reflecting untreated LED. This study was designed to determine persistent edema after intervention by identifying those patients who underwent LED therapy with manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) and/or application of pneumatic compression device (PCD).
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