Abstract MP73: Geographic Variation of Overweight and Obesity among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Case Study of Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Nutritional research in sub-Saharan Africa has primarily focused on under-nutrition, particularly among vulnerable population subgroups such as women and children. However, there is growing evidence of an ongoing epidemiological and nutritional transition in these settings. Objective: This study aimed to examine the geographic variation of combined overweight and obesity prevalence at the state-level among women in Nigeria, while accounting for individual-level risk factors. Methods: Our analysis was based on the 2008 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), including 27,967 women aged 15 and over. Individual data were collected on socio-demographic variables, but were aggregated to the 31 states. We used a Bayesian geo-additive mixed model to map the geographic distribution of overweight/obesity at the state-level, accounting for individual-level risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of combined overweight and obesity (body mass index ≥ 25) was 20.9%. In multivariate Bayesian geo-additive models, there were several significant associations between socio-demographic variables and prevalence of overweight/obesity. Specifically, higher education [odds ratio (OR) & 95% Credible Region (CR): 1.68 (1.38, 2.00)], higher wealth index [3.45 (2.98, 4.05)], living in urban settings [1.24 (1.14, 1.36)] and increasing age were all significantly associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. There was also a striking variation in overweight/obesity prevalence across ethnic groups and state of residence, the highest being in Cross River State, in south-eastern Nigeria [2.32 (1.62, 3.40)], the lowest in Osun State in south-western Nigeria [0.48 (0.36, 0.61)]. Conclusions: This study suggests distinct geographic patterns in the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity among Nigerian women, as well as the potential role of demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors driving the ongoing nutritional transition in these settings.