Abstract
Abstract The central roles of non-coding RNAs in both normal and malignant cells offer new approaches to detection and treatment of cancer. Changes in microRNA levels have illuminated epigenetic processes that appear to maintain an embryonic malignant state in some adult cancer cells. This epigenetic network involves a small set of oncofetal genes, also expressed in early embryos, conferring malignant properties. This same set is also part of a larger network that integrates nutrient level data according to the size of the vertebrates where it is found. Further, the existence of the biosynthetic pathway for microRNAs in all adult cells allows introduction of small interfering RNAs to silence genes. This is now highly effective for silencing genes in the liver of patients and may become a general new therapeutic modality. Finally, many long non-coding RNAs are synthetized from promoters and enhancers by divergent transcription. The importance of these non-coding RNAs in regulation of nearby genes is being investigated but there is no question that enhancers stimulate promoters through processes involving the action of RNA polymerase. It is critical to understand the mechanism of enhancer action because many new drug agents preferentially target super-enhancer associated genes. This type of enhancer is frequently associated with oncogenes in cancer cells. Citation Format: Phillip Sharp. Non-coding RNA from discovery to therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Engineering and Physical Sciences in Oncology; 2016 Jun 25-28; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
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