Abstract B201: Exploration and exploitation of macrophage death pathways: Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a model

Abstract

Abstract Macrophages can impact the development of tumors and their responses to therapy. However, we lack a full understanding of how macrophage activation and survival are regulated and might be therapeutically modulated. To address these questions, we turned to a host-pathogen interaction that is likely to have impacted the evolution of these processes: infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the leading cause of death from infection. Once internalized by macrophages, Mtb resists killing by macrophages and replicates within them. Ultimately, Mtb infection results in death of macrophages, allowing dissemination of the pathogen to other cells. To explore how Mtb induces macrophage cell death and how macrophage cell death might impact host defense against Mtb, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 recessive genetic screen in RAW264.7 macrophages. We discovered that the absence of components of the type I interferon signaling pathway, including the IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR), delays Mtb-induced cell death. It is known that Mtb infection induces macrophages to produce type I interferon. Our finding directly links type I interferon signaling pathway and Mtb-induced macrophage death. We are currently working on the mechanism of the type I IFN-induced death of bacterially-stimulated macrophages. Meanwhile, we are testing blockers of this pathway as host-directed therapy against TB and have seen striking protective effects of anti-IFNAR1 mAb in Mtb-infected mice, whether the mAb is administered before or after infection. Further exploration of the protective effect of anti-IFNAR mAb could point to an antibody-based, host-directed therapy. Acknowledgment: We thank Prof. R. Schreiber, Washington University, for facilitating access to anti-IFNAR mAb. Citation Format: Ryan Zander, David Schauder, Gang Xin, Christine Nguyen, Xiaopeng Wu, Weiguo Cui. Exploration and exploitation of macrophage death pathways: Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B201.