Abstract B033: Wild-type RAS signaling is an essential therapeutic target in RAS-mutated cancers

Abstract

Abstract Single-agent targeting of RAS-mutated cancers using RAF/MEK/ERK or PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors is ineffective; blocking one pathway relieves negative feedback control of RTK signaling and hyperactivates parallel effector pathways. While combined MEK and PI3K inhibition is effective in preclinical models, toxicity of this combination prevents its clinical use. Alternative strategies for treating RAS-mutated cancers are essential. Therapeutics directly targeting mutated RAS proteins have the potential to spare normal cellular function thereby lessening overall toxicity. Unfortunately, direct RAS inhibition as a monotherapy does not fully block RAS effector signaling. RAS proteins show differential activation of RAF and PI3K pathways: KRAS potently activates RAF but poorly activates PI3K, whereas HRAS effectively activates PI3K but poorly activates RAF. Further, mutant RAS inhibition relieves negative feedback controls leading to rapid hyperactivation of RTK−WT RAS signaling. A more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between mutant RAS and RTK−WT RAS signaling is essential to developing rational therapeutic approaches to treat RAS-mutated cancers. We found that WT RAS enhanced mutant RAS-driven transformation by activating RAS effectors poorly engaged by mutated RAS. Further, inhibition of RAS effectors activated poorly by mutant RAS synergized with and limited resistance to mutant HRAS and KRAS inhibitors. The mutant HRAS inhibitor tipifarnib blocked PI3K signaling and synergized with MEK inhibitors in HRAS-mutated cancer cell lines; covalent KRASG12C inhibitors blocked MEK signaling and synergized with PI3K inhibitors in KRASG12C-mutated cell lines. Synergy between inhibitors of mutant RAS and RAS effectors was dependent on intact RTK/WT RAS signaling and was lost in both RASless or SOSless MEFs. These results should inform the design of clinical trials for patients with RAS-mutated cancers. Citation Format: Nancy Sealover, Bridget Finniff, Robert Kortum. Wild-type RAS signaling is an essential therapeutic target in RAS-mutated cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting RAS; 2023 Mar 5-8; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2023;21(5_Suppl):Abstract nr B033.