Abstract B032: Outcomes of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated at John Peter Smith Hospital

Abstract

Abstract Background: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is a subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), accounting for about 10% of all AML cases. Historically, APL was considered to be the subtype of AML with the worst prognosis because most newly diagnosed patients died within a few weeks, and only 35% to 45% of patients achieved long-term survival. The discovery and application of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) improved complete remission (CR) rate and overall survival (OS) to 70%. Combination of ATRA, a vitamin A derivative, and arsenic trioxide (ATO) as induction therapy for APL resulted in 90-95% CR and >90% 5-year OS. Even though CR and OS has improved, early death (5%-10%) remains the most challenging issue for the disease, especially in resource poor settings. Since APL is rare, oncologists in community may not be fully equipped to treat early complications. John Peter Smith hospital (JPS) is a safety-net hospital serving the needs of underserved population in north Texas. We report outcomes of patients with APL treated at JPS. Methods: Data was obtained from the JPS Oncology Registry. Patients were diagnosed with APL from 1/1/2017 to 12/31/2020 with partial or complete treatment at JPS. We collected non-identifiable patient demographics, diagnosis and initial treatment and complication details. Remission documentation by disappearance of the chromosome abnormality, time from diagnosis to date of death (if applicable) or last activity in medical chart (any phone call with patient, office visit) before 6/12/2023 were obtained. Time to CR and any use of consolidation or maintenance treatment was also collected. Results: 8 APL patients were included- 3 were high-risk patients and 5 were low-risk. Half were male. Age ranged from 22 to 64 years. 5 were under the age of 40 years, 2 were in their 40s and 1 was in 60s at diagnosis. Hispanic:4, Black:3, Asian:1. Induction treatment included ATRA+ATO in 6 patients, while 2 high risk patients received ATRA plus anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Bone marrow morphology post induction was negative in all patients indicating CR (median time to CR was 41.5 days). During induction, treatment complications occurred in all patients including bleeding (75%), clotting (63%), neutropenic fever (50%). Differentiation syndrome (50%) and DIC (50%). All patients underwent ATRA+ATO consolidation treatment for 8-10 months. No patients relapsed. All patients were alive at the time of last medical chart entry (6/12/2023) without active cancer. Conclusions: All patients were in CR post induction treatment. 4 had minimal residual disease post induction. All patients received consolidation with ATRA+ATO, eventually there was no disease detected at molecular level. No patients relapsed. All patients were alive with no active disease at their last follow-up. Excellent outcomes in APL are possible at safety-net setting but will need diligent care to prevent, predict and treat early complications; this may require communication with academic leukemia specialists when transfer to leukemia treatment centers is not possible. Citation Format: Kavya Athipatla, Kari Teigen, Kalyani Narra. Outcomes of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated at John Peter Smith Hospital [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B032.