Abstract
Introduction: Non-invasive repetitive brain and/or spinal stimulation have shown to be an effective neuromodulatory method that can promote neuroplasticity. For example, repetitive pulsed transspinal stimulation decreases the afferent-mediated motor evoked potential (MEP) facilitation, increases the subthreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mediated flexor reflex facilitation, and increases corticospinal excitability of arm and leg muscles in spinal intact and after spinal cord injury subjects (Knikou et al., 2015; Murray and Knikou, 2017).
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