Abstract 6752: Targeting of neoantigen cancer vaccines to antigen presenting cells results in faster and broader T cell responses whether encoded in DNA or mRNA

Abstract

Abstract Individualized cancer vaccines based on patient-specific neoantigens represent a groundbreaking approach in oncology, offering a highly individualized treatment option for cancer patients. Unlike traditional vaccines, which are designed to prevent diseases by stimulating an immune response against a specific pathogen, personalized cancer vaccines are therapeutic, aiming to treat cancer by training the immune system to recognize and attack the patient’s own cancer cells. The key is to induce a fast, strong, broad, and persistent CD8+ T cell response. Nykode Therapeutics has developed a platform that targets antigens directly to antigen presenting cells (APCs) using a modular dimeric protein format known as a VaccibodyTM. Individualized neoantigen vaccines delivered in a DNA-encoded Vaccibody format have been shown to induce strong and broad T cell responses in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Here, we wanted to determine if the APC-targeted approach leads to superior T cell responses if Vaccibody vaccines are encoded in mRNA and administered in a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation. For this purpose, we designed and evaluated a model cancer vaccine composed of 20 unstructured 27 amino acid long neoantigens derived from the murine MC38 tumor model. A DNA-encoded Vaccibody vaccine elicited faster T cell responses compared to an untargeted mRNA-LNP-encoded vaccine. DNA-encoded Vaccibody responses were also broader, targeting a substantially greater number of neoantigens. Next, we compared the APC-targeting Vaccibody vaccine to an untargeted vaccine when both were formulated in an mRNA-LNP format. The APC-targeting Vaccibody vaccine elicited a greater breath and magnitude of T cell responses compared to the untargeted vaccine. Further studies to evaluate the functional differences associated with the various formats, in terms of T cell phenotype and response to tumor challenge, are ongoing. In summary, the data demonstrate that an APC-targeted Vaccibody vaccine containing MC38 neoantigens can be encoded in both DNA and mRNA-LNP to induce faster, broader, and stronger T cell responses compared to a non-targeted neoantigen vaccine. Citation Format: Brian T. Weinert, Lise Skullerud, Eirik Solbakken, Ana Textor, Mirjam Dürkoop, Inga Patrycja Winge, Gunnstein Norheim, Elisabeth Stubsrud, Stine Granum, Mikkel W. Pedersen, Håkan Norell. Targeting of neoantigen cancer vaccines to antigen presenting cells results in faster and broader T cell responses whether encoded in DNA or mRNA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6752.