Abstract 633: Association between saturated fat intakes and lung cancer risk among low-income populations in the Southeastern United States

Abstract

Abstract Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Previous studies have indicated that a higher intake of dietary saturated fat was associated with lung cancer risk. However, little is known about the association of specific classes of saturated fat with the risk of lung cancer. We conducted a nested case-control study to investigate the association of different classes of saturated fat with lung cancer risk among low-income African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs) in the Southeastern United States. Methods: A total of 1,528 incident lung cancer cases and 5,699 matched controls from the Southern Community Cohort Study were included in this study. The controls were matched to the cases on age, sex, race, and recruitment site. Using validated food frequency questionnaires, saturated fat was estimated and classed to short-chain (SCSF, 2-4 carbon atoms), medium-chain (MCSF, 6-12 carbon atoms), and long-chain (LCSF, 14-18 carbon atoms). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding confidence intervals (95% CIs) for lung cancer risk associated with saturated fat after adjusting for age, smoking status, pack-years, alcohol consumption, total energy intake, education, household income, body mass index (BMI), and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results: Total saturated fat intakes were associated with an increased lung cancer risk among EAs with an OR of 1.66 (95% CI: 1.06-2.60) for the highest vs. lowest quartiles (p-trend=0.03). The positive association was only observed for LCSF (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.07-2.64 for palmitic acid; OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.02-2.53 for stearic acid; and OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.04-2.56 for total LCSF; all p-trends<0.05). The association was more evident among heavy smokers, which was defined as smoke ≥ 30 pack-years, and for adenocarcinoma subtype. No association between saturated fat intakes with lung cancer risk were observed among AAs. In addition, no association between lung cancer risk and SCSF or MCSF was observed in our study. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a high intake of LCSF was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer among low-income EAs. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings. Citation Format: Hyung-Suk Yoon, Hui Cai, Jae Jeong Yang, Danxia Yu, Harvey J. Murff, Xiao Ou Shu, Wei Zheng, William J. Blot, Qiuyin Cai. Association between saturated fat intakes and lung cancer risk among low-income populations in the Southeastern United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 633.