Abstract 6053: Sulfation is required for prostate cancer xenograft tumor formation but is dispensable for cell viabilityin vitro

Abstract

Abstract Sulfation of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and xenobiotics is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) process thought to play critical roles in diverse biological processes ranging from detoxification, cell signaling, and extracellular matrix architecture, to immune modulation. Sulfation is accomplished by the universal sulfate donor, PAPS (3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate), which is synthesized by bifunctional enzymes PAPSS1 and PAPSS2 (PAPS synthases). The PAPSS2 gene situates near PTEN and is frequently deleted with PTEN across cancer types. Approximately 20% of prostate cancer patients exhibit loss of PTEN, and ~50% of these cases also sustain a loss of PAPSS2. However, the loss of PAPSS2 appears to be tolerated and possibly compensated by its functionally redundant paralogue, PAPSS1, located on chromosome 4q24. The functional redundancy between PAPSS1 and PAPSS2 suggests that these two genes may be collateral lethality pair provided that sulfation is essential for cancer cell viability. Thus, we hypothesize that targeting PAPSS1 in PTEN/PAPSS2-null prostate cancer can generate cancer-specific vulnerabilities while leaving normal cells undisturbed. To assess this possibility, knockdown and knockout of PAPSS1 in cell lines of PAPSS2-null and PAPSS2-wildtype background were generated to characterize cell viability in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. PAPS and APS, an intermediary product of the sulfation pathway, are measured to verify that no alternative pathways for sulfate donors exist and that the co-extinction of PAPSS1/2 eliminates all avenues of generating sulfate donors. Combined extinction of PAPSS1/2 across multiple cancer cell lines was shown to be tolerated in vitro, and recurrent changes in morphology were observed. Loss of sulfation verified by the disappearance of sulfotyrosine and mass spectrometry measurements of PAPS and APS are pending. Our In vitro results surprisingly indicate that a major PTM, like sulfation is entirely dispensable for cancer cell viability under normal culture conditions. However, PAPSS1/2-null cell lines demonstrated a profound delay in tumor formation and prolonged survival, suggesting that sulfation may be required for stromal and innate immune modulation. Citation Format: Ko-Chien Chen, Yonhong Liu, Chenchu Lin, Er-Yen (Nick) Yen, Francesca Citron, Xingdi Ma, Tan Lin, Philip Lorenzi, Florian Muller, Ronald DePinho. Sulfation is required for prostate cancer xenograft tumor formation but is dispensable for cell viabilityin vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6053.