Abstract 5996: Genome-wide CRISPR screening reveals a central role for ferroptotic cell death in the anti-tumor response to mTOR inhibitors in HNSCC

Abstract

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer globally, resulting in more than 300,000 deaths each year worldwide. Treatment options for HNSCC patients include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies, and although immunotherapies have recently revolutionized the treatment landscape, <20% of HNSCC patients respond to immune check point blockade (ICB) therapies. The survival rate of HNSCC patients has changed only modestly over the past decades, and therefore HNSCC is a significant global health problem with high mortality and morbidity. Genomic alterations converging in the persistent activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway (>80% cases) represent one of the most frequently altered signaling circuitries in HNSCC. This overreliance on PI3K/mTOR signaling for tumor growth may expose a cancer vulnerability that can be exploited therapeutically, as revealed in recent clinical trials using mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) in HNSCC in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting. Here, we took advantage of a whole-genome CRISPR screening approach to identify mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to mTORi, aimed at increasing their clinical activity. We found that the activation of autophagy, a biological process that plays a paradoxical pro-survival or antitumoral role in a cancer specific fashion, is strictly required for mTORi cell growth inhibition in HNSCC. In depth analysis of our CRISPR screening also revealed multiple hits suggestive of a novel role for iron metabolism and ferroptosis downstream from mTORi. Ferroptosis is iron-dependent regulated cell death process caused by the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Indeed, we found that mTORi induces ferroptosis in HNSCC cells, and that inhibition of ferroptosis reduces the effect of mTORi. Evidence will be presented supporting a novel mechanism linking mTORi-triggered autophagy and the activation of ferroptotic death programs, as well as new synergistic combinations with mTORi by repurposing approved drugs that disable cellular ferroptotic defense mechanisms. Our studies uncovered how mTORi act in HNSCC, thereby revealing new multimodal precision therapies for HNSCC and many human malignancies displaying overactive PI3K/mTOR signaling. Citation Format: Keiichi Koshizuka, Xingyu Wu, Kuniaki Sato, Pham Thuy Vo, Gosia M. Murawska, Tomohiko Ishikawa, Zhiyong Wang, Alfredo A. Molinolo, Edward A. Dennis, Prashant Mali, J. Silvio Gutkind. Genome-wide CRISPR screening reveals a central role for ferroptotic cell death in the anti-tumor response to mTOR inhibitors in HNSCC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5996.