Abstract 5759: Accelerated cardiac aging in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors previously treated with cardiotoxic therapy

Abstract

Abstract Cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYA) is defined as cancer occurring between the ages of 15-39 years. Although cancer is the most common disease-related cause of death in this age group world-wide, the highly favorable overall 5-year survival rate for AYA cancer patients is creating a large and growing segment of the cancer survivorship population. Young cancer survivors have rates of comorbidities, frailty, and other phenotypes that are in line with that of individuals decades older, suggesting that cancer and/or treatment exposures accelerate the aging process in these survivors. Cardiotoxicity due to anthracycline and/or radiation exposure is a major contributor to poor cardiovascular health in AYA cancer survivors, yet the presence and the potential impact of accelerated cardiac aging remains unclear. We hypothesized that hearts in AYA cancer patients exposed to cardiotoxic treatment modalities have a functional phenotype that mirrors heart function in non-treatment exposed individuals who are decades older. In this cross-sectional study, 424 echocardiograms from 127 AYA Hodgkin lymphoma (N=98) and sarcoma (N=29) survivors who were treated with anthracyclines and/or radiation were reviewed for eight functional measures (left ventricular ejection fraction, A-wave, E-wave, E/A ratio, E’-wave, posterior wall thickness, mitral deceleration time, and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension). The median anthracycline dose received for the population was 291.0 mg/m2 (SD: 133.7) and 44.9% were exposed to radiation to the chest. At last follow-up, 8.3% were taking cardiac medications and 15.8% had been diagnosed with a cardiovascular disease during an average follow-up period of 5.6 years. Echocardiograms were obtained on average 1.3 years post-diagnosis (range: 0-14) and were grouped based at AYA survivor age at procedure (20-29 years, 30-39 years, and 40-49 years). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and E’-wave were significantly lower than controls in all three age groups (P<0.001), with four other measures being significant in both of the two younger age groups (P<0.05). Strikingly, 90% of the population had more than one functional measure that was indicative of hearts at least two decades older than the patient at time of echocardiogram with AYA survivors having an average of 4.2 measures displaying evidence of accelerated cardiac aging. These results suggest that AYA cancer survivors exposed to cardiotoxic treatment modalities have a high burden of poor cardiac function and that accelerated cardiac aging may responsible. Citation Format: Michelle A. T. Hildebrandt, Cole J. Bernstein, Sairah Ahmed, J. Andrew Livingston, Efstratios Koutroumpakis, Michael E. Roth, Jose Banchs. Accelerated cardiac aging in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors previously treated with cardiotoxic therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5759.