Abstract 5245: Anti-CSPG4 CAR-Macrophages synergize with anti-CD47 in melanoma cytotoxicity

Abstract

Abstract While CAR T-cells have been a success in treating liquid tumors, these successes have not been replicated in solid tumors. There are several reasons for these challenges, including physical matrix barriers and increased tumor antigen heterogeneity in solid tumors. Macrophages are frequently found in melanoma tumors, even in those that have low T-cell infiltrate, suggesting macrophages are well equipped to penetrate the physical barriers surrounding solid tumors. Macrophages are also antigen-presenting cells, thus, if macrophages phagocytose the tumor, they will likely present additional antigens to T-cells, potentially enhancing the adaptive immune response in cancer treatment. Thus, we hypothesized that macrophages expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-Macrophages or CAR-Ms) are able to access solid tumors, phagocytose cancer cells, and subsequently re-educate the tumor immune environment by directly polarizing tumor-associated macrophages and by presenting novel antigens to recruit and educate adaptive immune cells. To test these hypotheses, we generated CAR-Ms with primary human macrophages using an scFV specific to chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), a highly expressed antigen enriched and specific to melanoma tumors, and an intracellular activation domain to promote phagocytosis. We found that anti-CSPG4 CAR-Ms phagocytosed human melanoma cells at high efficiency, however, this phagocytosis did not result in high levels of melanoma cell cytotoxicity. To improve CAR-M-mediated melanoma cell death engulfment, we blocked the anti-CD47/SIRPα (“don’t eat me”) signaling axis with an anti-CD47 blocking antibody, which resulted in additive effects for phagocytosis, and a robust effect on the melanoma cell killing. Preliminary in vivo xenograft experiments suggest that anti-CSPG4 CAR-Ms alone delay melanoma growth. We are now testing whether combining anti-CD47 and CSPG4 CAR-Ms therapies in vivo can 1) further reduce primary tumor growth and 2) prevent recurrence following surgical resection by treating remnants of the tumor. Our work shows that CSPG4 CAR-M-mediated killing of CSPG4-positive cancer cells is significantly enhanced when in combination with anti-CD47 antibody treatment. Citation Format: Daniel Greiner, Qian Xue, Trinity Waddell, Minna Roh-Johnson. Anti-CSPG4 CAR-Macrophages synergize with anti-CD47 in melanoma cytotoxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5245.