Abstract 4137914: Eligibility for Semaglutide in US Adults with Diabetes and Potentially Preventable Cardiovascular Events Projected from the SUSTAIN-6 Trial

Abstract

Background: The Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long-term Outcomes with Semaglutide in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN-6) trial showed cardiovascular disease (CVD) benefits of semaglutide therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Purpose: To estimate the number of US adults with T2DM that may be eligible for semaglutide based on SUSTAIN-6 eligibility criteria and the number of preventable CVD events from semaglutide treatment based on observed CVD event reductions in SUSTAIN-6. Methods: We included US adults with T2DM from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011– 2020 who had eligibility criteria from SUSTAIN-6. This included an HbA1c>7.0%, age > 50 with established CVD, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease or an age > 60 with at least one CVD risk factor. We estimated the number of primary composite and secondary CVD endpoints that would occur based on SUSTAIN-6 treated and placebo published event rates, with the difference indicating the number of preventable events (and annualized based on median 2.1 year follow-up time). Results: Among 5002 (projected to 34.0 million [M]) adults we identified with T2DM, we estimated 1,132 (6.9 million) (20.3%) to fit SUSTAIN-6 eligibility criteria. Compared to SUSTAIN-6 trial participants, our sample was slightly older, had a higher proportion of Black participants, shorter duration of diabetes, lower HbA1c and diastolic blood pressure, but similar body mass index and systolic blood pressure. Prior history of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke were also less common in our NHANES sample. From SUSTAIN-6 semaglutide and placebo primary composite CVD event rates of 6.6% and 8.9%, respectively, we estimated 456,060 and 614,990 events would occur, respectively, for a total of 159,930 preventable CVD events, or 75,681 on an annualized basis. We similarly estimated annualized preventable events for secondary outcomes as shown in the Figure. Conclusion: Semaglutide may prevent many fatal and non-fatal CVD events if provided to US adults meeting SUSTAIN-6 eligibility criteria. More efforts are needed to educate the healthcare providers on the CVD benefits from newer diabetes therapies, including semaglutide.