Abstract 4134825: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state outcomes in diabetes patients hospitalized with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are acute life-threatening hyperglycemia conditions. Aims: We aimed to assess their impact on type 2 diabetes patients admitted for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: Data was extracted from the National Readmission Database (2016-2019). The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints included in-hospital arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and 30-day readmission and mortality. Results: A total of 112,829 patients hospitalized for STEMI with a concomitant diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were hospitalized between 2016 and 2019, of whom 112,799 were included in our analysis after the exclusion of patients with missing data ( Figure 1 ). Of those patients, 330 had a diagnosis of DKA, and 292 had a diagnosis of HHS. After 30 days from the initial hospitalization, 118 (35.7%) out of the initial DKA group, 102 (34.9%) out of the initial HHS group, and 26,523 (23.6%) of STEMI patients with diabetes were readmitted. The presence of DKA increased the odds of in-hospital mortality and cardiogenic shock by almost 2-fold (aOR = 2.30 [1.70-3.12], 2.055 [1.602-2.637], respectively) and renal failure by almost 5-fold (aOR = 5.175 [4.090-6.546]) ( Table 1 ). HHS was also associated with higher odds of mortality, acute renal failure, and cardiogenic shock. Within 30 days of initial admission, DKA and HHS increased the risk of readmission (aOR= 1.815 [1.449-2.75], 1.751 [1.376 - 2.228], respectively), but not mortality. Cardiovascular disease was the most common etiology of readmission in all patients ( Figure 2) . The prevalence of non-STEMI was the highest in DKA patients (22.9%), and the prevalence of STEMI was the highest in the HHS group (37.9%). Conclusion: The presence of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar states is associated with higher odds of mortality, renal failure, cardiogenic shock, and 30-day readmission in STEMI patients with type 2 diabetes.