Abstract 3656: Detecting MSI in plasma: Implications for early detection of lynch associated tumors

Abstract

Abstract Lynch Syndrome (LS) is characterized by germline mutations in mismatch repair pathway genes. The increased cancer susceptibility risk in these patients and the association of these tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI) provides a transformative opportunity for early detection of cancer in these patients. The presence of microsatellite unstable DNA fragments or zygosity changes of the MMR mutations in the plasma of LS patients is predictive of the presence of cancer. Here we describe an approach to detect MSI from plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of LS associated cancer patients. First, to determine the background rate of MSI in cfDNA of microsatellite stable patients, we screened plasma samples collected from a large number of advanced cancer patients using MSK-IMPACT, a custom sequencing assay targeting 468 cancer genes encompassing ~1.5 megabases. MSK-IMPACT is approved by the NYS Department of Health and authorized by the FDA for clinical testing, including MSI assessment based on more than 1,000 microsatellite regions covered by the assay, and has been used to profile more than 20,000 patients at our institution. We were also able to confirm the ability to detect MSI in cfDNA in a small cohort of plasma samples collected from patients with MSI High tumors, and determine thresholds to delineate MSI from MSS cases from plasma. Using MSK-IMPACT, we detected MSI in the plasma of four patients with advanced MSI-H cancer, including one with confirmed LS. Three of these were patients with confirmed MSI signature from tumor tissue (one prostate cancer and two colorectal cancers. The fourth patient with prostate cancer had no tissue available for sequencing, though MSI was independently confirmed. To improve the sensitivity to detect MSI in patients with earlier stage disease where the fraction of tumor-derived cfDNA is lower, we have developed a novel targeted panel with optimized sequencing process and informatics, incorporating a set of highly informative microsatellite regions as well as SNPs to assess tumor-specific zygosity changes in mismatch repairs pathway genes. Through this work, we demonstrate the ability of our assay to detect MSI in plasma cfDNA with high sensitivity. Citation Format: Preethi Srinivasan, Christina Tran, Jonathan Reichel, Juber Ahamad Patel, Maysun Hasan, Fanli Meng, Xiaohong Jing, Sumit Middha, Ahmet Zehir, Rona D. Yaeger, Diane Reidy, Dana Tsui, Zsofia Stadler, Michael F. Berger. Detecting MSI in plasma: Implications for early detection of lynch associated tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3656.