Abstract 3495: A novel Mediterranean dietary intervention for prostate cancer

Abstract

Abstract Active surveillance (AS) is a safe management strategy for men with low-risk prostate cancer; however, nearly 35% of men on AS will undergo definitive treatment within 4 years, most commonly due to disease progression. Determining a non-invasive means of limiting disease progression would allow men to avoid quality of life issues associated with radical prostate treatment. Some modifiable factors, such as obesity and lipid levels, are associated with prostate cancer risk, though no behavioral intervention has been shown to affect prostate cancer outcomes. Using a prospective study of men on active surveillance, our group recently demonstrated that higher quality diets were associated with a significantly lower risk of disease progression. The Mediterranean diet (MD) specifically may be beneficial for men with localized prostate cancer (PCa) on active surveillance (AS) because of its anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, and chemopreventive properties. Furthermore, recent evidence supports that dietary interventions can induce modulation of the gut microbiome, and consequently, immune function and inflammatory pathways, which warrants further investigation of the microbiome’s role in the context of prostate cancer. Here, we describe a novel dietary intervention among a group of men with localized prostate cancer who are electing to undergo prostatectomy for prostate cancer treatment. The intervention is a feeding study involving the provision of an isocaloric, high quality diet based on the lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory parameters of the Mediterranean diet, including a strong focus on fiber-rich plant foods and healthy sources of mono and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The primary outcome in this pilot study is the feasibility of a neoadjuvant dietary intervention. Secondary outcomes include studying the effects of the diet on metabolic parameters, the fecal microbiome, and changes in circulating metabolites shown to be associated with progression on active surveillance. Furthermore, by focusing on African-American and non-Hispanic White males, this study may provide insights into the key differences in inflammatory, immune and microbiome signatures, which may underly the prominent cancer-racial disparity seen in African-American men. Therefore, this study will gain preliminary data needed to inform further dietary interventions that may impact risk of progression in select men with prostate cancer enrolled on active surveillance. Citation Format: Samuel Cass, Jennifer Wargo, Curtis Pettaway, Louis Pisters, John Davis, Brian Chapin, John Ward, Carrie Daniel, Justin Gregg. A novel Mediterranean dietary intervention for prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3495.