Abstract 2946: Characterizing the genomic landscapes of breast and lung tumors using cost-effective whole genome sequencing

Abstract

Abstract Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) has emerged as a pivotal tool for unraveling the intricate genomic alterations underlying cancer, enabling the detection of a broad spectrum of somatic changes in cancer genomes, including single nucleotide variants, insertions, deletions, copy number variations, and structural rearrangements. Characterizing somatic variants across the entire genome significantly benefits from novel cost-efficient sequencing platforms, such as UG100. In the current study, we aim to demonstrate the utility of UG100 WGS in characterizing the landscape of somatic events in breast and lung cancer. Over 35 tumor-normal cancer sample pairs were profiled using UG100 WGS (mean tumor coverage: >100x; normal: >50x). Variant calling was done using a somatic deep-variant algorithm, optimized to UG100 data. Results were compared to Illumina sequencing and high concordance was observed, with over 97% of SNVs and over 93% of indels detected by Illumina identified also by UG100. UG100 sequencing was deeper and allowed for identification of a larger number of genomic variations, including known driver events in cancer-related genes. The somatic mutational signatures by UG100 were concordant with the Illumina platform, with a cosine similarity higher than 99%. Copy number variation and structural variation analysis was performed on all sample pairs, revealing a wide range of genomic aberrations. The integration of genetic sequencing into routine clinical oncology practices has proven instrumental in identifying actionable mutations, predicting treatment responses, and monitoring minimal residual disease. Moving from targeted sequencing to WGS provides a more comprehensive and unbiased assessment of the entire genome, uncovering rare or unexpected mutations that might be missed by targeted approaches. WGS allows for the simultaneous evaluation of both coding and non-coding regions of the genome, providing a deeper understanding of the regulatory elements influencing gene expression. This broader scope enhances our understanding of cancer biology and contributes to a more accurate assessment of the tumor's functional landscape. Citation Format: Hila Benjamin, Ilya Soifer, Doron Shem-Tov, Maya Levy, Islam Oguz Tuncay, Baek-Lok Oh, Jong-Yeon Shin, Young Seok Ju, Sangmoon Lee, Omer Barad, Doron Lipson. Characterizing the genomic landscapes of breast and lung tumors using cost-effective whole genome sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2946.