Abstract
Background: Neonatal resuscitation guidelines recommend 3:1 compression to ventilation ratio (C:V) ratio during chest compression (CC). In piglets, continuous CC superimposed by sustained inflation (CC+SI) resulted in faster time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), lower mortality, improved hemodynamics and ventilation compared to 3:1 C:V. Similar a pilot trial in preterm infants reported significant faster ROSC with CC+SI compared to 3:1 C:V. Objective: To test the hypothesis that in newborn infants receiving chest compression with CC+SI compared with 3:1 C:V time to ROSC will be reduced or increased. Design/Methods: Multicenter cluster randomized trial of CC+SI vs. 3:1 C:V in newborn infants receiving CC. Hospitals were randomized to CC+SI or 3:1 C:V for 12 months then switched to 2 nd intervention for another 12 months. Infants were eligible if bradycardic with heart rate <60/min or asystolic. Primary outcome was time to ROSC (heart rate >60 for one minute). Analysis was performed according to intention-to-treat. The trial was stopped to slow enrolment, Covid-19 pandemic, and funding constrains. Results: Four sites (Edmonton, Graz, Halifax, and Vienna) included infants, which were randomized to either CC+SI (n=11) and 3:1 C:V (n=14). The groups were balanced in relation to demographics and delivery room interventions.The median (IQR) time to ROSC with CC+SI was 90 (60-270)sec and with 3:1 C:V was 615 (174-780)sec (p=0.0502 - log rank, and 0.16 cox proportional hazards regression) (Figure).Survival was 9/11 (82%) with CC+SI and 7/14 (50%) with 3:1 C:V [relative risk (RR) 0.36, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.094 to 1.42]. There were no differences in secondary outcomes between groups. Conclusion: CC+SI resulted in a reduction in time to ROSC. There was a trend towards higher survival rates with CC+SI.
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