Abstract 2668: CBO421: A novel drug Fc-conjugate to prevent tumor immune evasion via the CD73/adenosine pathway

Abstract

Abstract Background CD73 (5’-nucleotidase or NT5E) is a cell surface enzyme responsible for the rate limiting step in adenosine production; the conversion of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) into adenosine. Adenosine contributes to immune evasion by solid tumors by concentrating immunosuppressive adenosine in the tumor microenvironment. CBO421, a Drug Fc-Conjugate (DFC), comprises a novel small molecule CD73 inhibitor stably conjugated to an immune-silent human IgG1 Fc, combining the strengths of small molecule inhibitors and CD73-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for potential best-in-class efficacy. Methods CBO421’s binding affinity to human CD73 and Fc receptors was assessed by surface plasmon resonance. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was evaluated using a commercial kit. Immunophenotyping and binding to cancer cells was measured by flow cytometry. Inhibition of soluble and membrane-bound CD73 on human PBMCs and mouse cancer cells was determined by measuring free phosphate levels. Functional activity was measured using PBMC rescue assays. In vivo efficacy of CBO421 monotherapy was evaluated in a syngeneic mouse model. Results CBO421 exhibited a binding affinity to human CD73 (KD = 0.8 nM) that was comparable to or greater to the affinity observed with small molecule inhibitors (AB680, OP-5244) and CD73-targeting mAbs (oleclumab, mupadolimab biosimilars). As expected, human FcRn binding of CBO421 was comparable to the unconjugated Fc and the full-length wild-type IgG1 control mAb. CBO421 binding to human Fc gamma receptors and ADCC activity was significantly reduced or abolished compared to the control mAb, such that it poses a minimal risk for undesired autoimmune activity. CBO421 potently inhibited soluble CD73 and CD73 expressed on human MDA-MB-231 and mouse EMT6 cancer cells. Immunophenotyping revealed that CD73 expression was primarily observed on CD8+ T and B cells from human PBMCs. In functional PBMC rescue assays, CBO421 demonstrated potent reactivation of AMP- or ATP-suppressed CD4+ or CD8+ T cells at levels comparable to small molecule inhibitors and greater than anti-CD73 mAb comparators. CBO421 monotherapy demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in tumor volume in a syngeneic mouse model using MC38, a colorectal cancer cell line. Conclusions CBO421 exhibited strong binding and potent inhibition of both soluble and membrane-bound CD73, differentiating it from mAb CD73 inhibitors. The proprietary immune-silent Fc of CBO421 did not affect FcRn binding but substantially reduced Fc gamma receptor binding, leading to the elimination of ADCC activity to prevent undesired immune cell depletion in host tissues. CBO421 demonstrated high potency in functional cell-based assays and robust antitumor efficacy in a syngeneic mouse model. Currently, CBO421 is being advanced as a clinical development candidate for the treatment of solid cancers. Citation Format: Amanda Almaguer, Doug Zuill, Simon Döhrmann, James Levin, Nicholas Dedeic, Elizabeth Abelovski, Joanne Fortier, Qiping Zhao, Maria Hernandez, Karin Amundson, Madison Moniz, Hongyuan Chen, Dhanya Panickar, Thanh Lam, Tom Brady, Allen Borchardt, Grayson Hough, Jeffrey B. Locke, Jason N. Cole, Leslie W. Tari. CBO421: A novel drug Fc-conjugate to prevent tumor immune evasion via the CD73/adenosine pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2668.