Abstract 2448: Chemotherapy drug-induced AXL activation and cell survival signaling via reactive oxygen species that can be inhibited to enhance drug efficacy in mesothelioma

Abstract

Abstract Cellular oxidative stress is characterized by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and is a frequent phenotype of cancer cells. The consequences of ROS are complex, where ROS can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis. In mesothelioma, asbestos exposure to serous membranes induces ROS through iron content and chronic inflammation, and ROS promote cell survival signaling in mesothelioma. On the other hand, a current chemotherapy regime for mesothelioma consisting of a platinum and antifolate agent combination also induce ROS. Mesothelioma is notoriously chemotherapy-resistant, and we propose that ROS induced by cisplatin and pemetrexed may promote cell survival signaling pathways, which ultimately may contribute to chemotherapy resistance. In The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets, we found AXL kinase expression is relatively high in mesothelioma compared to other cancer samples. We showed that ROS induce the phosphorylation of AXL, which was blocked by the selective inhibitor BGB324 in VMC40 and P31 mesothelioma cells. We also showed that cisplatin and pemetrexed induce the phosphorylation of AXL and Akt, which was also blocked by BGB324 as well as by N-acetylcysteine antioxidant. AXL knockdown in these cells enhances sensitivity to cisplatin and pemetrexed. Similarly, AXL inhibitor BGB324 also enhances sensitivity to cisplatin and pemetrexed. Finally, higher synergy was observed when cells were pretreated with BGB324 before adding chemotherapy. These results demonstrate cisplatin and pemetrexed induce ROS that activate AXL, and blocking AXL activation enhances the efficacy of cisplatin and pemetrexed. These results suggest AXL inhibition may represent an effective strategy to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in mesothelioma. We further hypothesize AXL signaling may be part of an adaptive response to chemotherapeutic agents, providing transient resistance to cisplatin and pemetrexed that may ultimately contribute to acquired chemotherapy resistance. Citation Format: Derek B. Oien, Tamás Garay, Sarah Eckstein, Jeremy Chien. Chemotherapy drug-induced AXL activation and cell survival signaling via reactive oxygen species that can be inhibited to enhance drug efficacy in mesothelioma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2448.