Abstract 2397: Significance of the combination of biguanides and fatty acid β-oxidation inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract

Abstract Compared to hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer (BC), basal or triple-negative BC (TNBC) suffers a poor prognosis, attributed to the limited understanding of its driver signaling pathways. Although TNBC exhibits unique characteristics, clinical benefit from currently available targeted therapies is limited, and new therapeutic strategies are essential to reduce its severity. We have previously shown that metabolic reprogramming to fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is a dominant metabolic pathway in TNBC. We have also reported that FAO regulates c-Src, one of the frequently upregulated oncopathways in TNBC, via autophosphorylation of Src at Y419. However, single drug therapy using FAO inhibitors or Src inhibitors did not show a significant therapeutic advantage in TNBC. Biguanide such as metformin is one of the most widely administered anti-diabetic agents. Recently increasing evidence demonstrates that biguanide therapy can have an anticancer effect in various cancer types, including BC. Phenformin, a biguanide derivative similar to metformin, has greater potency than metformin. Both biguanides can suppress mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function because of its inhibitory effect on ETC complex I activity. However, biguanides also lead to the activation of AMPK, which plays a vital role in insulin signaling and energy-sensing. Notably, AMPK is an upstream regulator of the FAO pathway because it can phosphorylate ACC and activate FAO. Considering the dependency of TNBC on mitochondrial FAO and the role of AMPK in the activation of FAO, our computational modeling predicted that the combined targeting of both ‘arms' of the pathway could provide a significant advantage to the anticancer effect in TNBC. Thus, we have used the combination of biguanides and FAO inhibitors to target both ETC and FAO respectively. Pharmacological and genetic approaches with multiple in vitro and in vivo analysis using TNBC cell lines and PDX models suggest that the combination of biguanides and FAO inhibitors can provide significant advantage in TNBC therapy. Further studies also show that the combination of biguanides with Src inhibitors can provide a better therapeutic option to target metastatic TNBC. We are currently evaluating these findings' translational significance as a cost-effective approach to managing non-targetable TNBCs. Citation Format: Junhyoung Park, Kwang Hwa Jung, Dongya Jia, Sukjin Yang, Dharaniya Sakthivel, Abha Tiwari, José N. Onuchic, Benny Abraham Kaipparettu. Significance of the combination of biguanides and fatty acid β-oxidation inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2397.