Abstract 228: Recurrent mitochondrial mutations in thyroid cancer

Abstract

Abstract Despite the importance of mitochondrial function on the bioenergetics and metabolism of the cell, understanding the functional impact of somatic mitochondrial mutations has been difficult. Additionally, small cohorts, as used in previous studies, lack the power to estimate the prevalence of specific recurrent mutations. We evaluated 177540 advanced cancer patients, across 84 different tumor types, who were sequenced as part of routine clinical care on the FoundationOne®CDx platform. Off-target sequencing reads were mapped to the mitochondrial genome (rCRS) and variant calling was performed. We had a median read depth of 18 and filtering by allele frequency (<= 95% and >= 5%) led to the identification almost 400,000 predicted somatic mitochondrial variants. Over 80% of patients had at least one mitochondrial variant detected, with an average of 2.2 mitochondrial variants detected per patient. We next assessed each recurrent mitochondrial short variant to look for associations with specific cancers. The alteration with the strongest enrichment was G3224A, a mutation in the mitochondrial leucine tRNA gene (MT-TL1), which had a prevalence of 3.6% (51/1426) in thyroid cancer samples, as compared to 0.05% (85/176114) in all other disease types (OR=76.8, P<2.2e-16). The G3244A mutation has been previously identified as occurring in thyroid cancer, specifically Hurthle cell carcinomas, as well as in the mitochondrial disease MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). Thyroid cancer samples in our dataset with G3244A were found to be associated with thyroid follicular carcinomas (7/124, 5.6%) and Hurthle cell carcinomas (7/57, 12.2%). Additional recurrent MT-TL1 mutations were identified in the thyroid cancer cohort at positions 3242 (9/1426) and 3248 (5/1426). We also identified a mutation in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit MT-ND1. G3380A has been previously shown to occur in thyroid and colorectal cancer and results in a R25Q mutation that is thought to affect ND1 function. G3380A was identified in 26/1426 (1.8%) of thyroid cancer patients. The majority of G3380A variants occurred in thyroid anaplastic carcinomas 23/26 (88.5%). Our dataset has allowed us to identify and determine the prevalence of rare mitochondrial short variant alterations in cancer. Further research is needed to investigate associations of these alterations with other clinical features. Citation Format: Julia F. Hopkins, Zoe Fleischmann, Dexter X. Jin, Jonathan Keith Killian, Meagan Montesion. Recurrent mitochondrial mutations in thyroid cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 228.