Abstract 2081: Biomarkers for CLK inhibitor CTX-712 treatment response in myeloid neoplasms: Paving the way toward clinical trials

Abstract

Abstract Dysregulated RNA splicing is a molecular feature that characterizes almost all tumor types. Splicing is altered in cancer owing to both recurrent mutations and deregulated expression of trans-acting factors that catalyze and regulate splicing. Therefore, splicing can be targeted for the development of new drugs to treat cancers, particularly those with mutations in splicing factors. In myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), genes that encode splicing factors are among those with the highest mutation rates. These mutations are heterozygous and largely mutually exclusive, suggesting the possibility of synthetic lethality due to multiple splicing factor mutations. Such synthetic lethality can be applied as an innovative strategy to develop drugs for the treatment of MDS and AML. We have reported the development of a CLK kinase inhibitor, CTX-712, and evaluated its anti-leukemic activities both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of action of CTX-712 involves the suppression of the phosphorylation of multiple SR proteins, including SRSF2/3/4/6, alteration of nuclear speckle morphology, and switching of binding partners of SRSF2. RNA-seq analysis revealed that CTX-712 induced global alterations in splicing, typically resulting in exon exclusion (exon skipping) of cassette exons. Notably, the anti-leukemic effects of CTX-712 positively correlated with the degree of altered splicing, suggesting that CTX-712 inhibits RNA splicing. [Cancer Res (2022) 82 (12_Supplement): 5494., Blood (2022) 140 (Supplement 1): 489-490]. However, patient stratification markers for CTX-712 based on the above mechanism are still undefined. To identify biomarkers for CTX-712, we performed a comprehensive analysis by integrating both wet and dry DNA/RNA sequencing on more than 60 ex vivo primary samples from MDS/AML patients and 23 MDS/AML-derived xenografts (PDX). Unexpectedly, regardless of their splicing factor-mutation status, various types of primary AML cells and PDX models were highly sensitive to CTX-712. Both the primary cells and PDX models showed significant responses to CTX-712 and greater changes in splicing. Additionally, we performed biomarker analysis by comparing gene mutations and RNA splicing patterns between the sensitive and insensitive models and associating them with the anti-tumor effect. We identified several potential biomarkers that can indicate sensitivity to CTX-712. Mechanistic studies that aim to determine why these biomarkers could make cancer more sensitive to splicing perturbation by CTX-712 are ongoing. In conclusion, our results demonstrated a significant effect of CTX-712 on MDS/AML-derived models regardless of their splicing factor-mutation status. Additionally, we present novel biomarkers that could predict sensitivity to CTX-712. Citation Format: Akinori Yoda, Daisuke Morishita, Yotaro Ochi, Akio Mizutani, Hirokazu Tozaki, Yoshihiko Satoh, Takuto Mori, June Takeda, Hideki Makishima, Masahiro Nakagawa, Yasuhito Nannya, Seishi Ogawa. Biomarkers for CLK inhibitor CTX-712 treatment response in myeloid neoplasms: Paving the way toward clinical trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2081.