Abstract
Introduction: Visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT), previously seen as passive and uniform, plays a dynamic role in metabolism and immune response. Dietary shifts affect its structure and function, impacting conditions like insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. vWAT is also linked to vascular diseases, but its role in atherosclerosis in mouse models is not fully understood. Methods: vWAT from male Ldlr -/- mice fed either a chow diet or high fat, high sucrose containing (HFSC) diet for 24 weeks were harvested. scRNA-seq, histology, and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the cellular and transcriptomic profiles in Chow and HFSC groups. Results: Distinct subpopulations of endothelial cells (ECs), immune cells, and adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs) were identified, highlighting differences between healthy and diseased states. Notably, HFSC-fed mice exhibited an increase in immune cell composition, coupled with a decrease in ECs and progenitor cells. Cell subtype distribution in macrophages shifted notably, with more Lipid-associated (LAM), but fewer Perivascular-like macrophages (PVM). Novel markers Lyz2 and Trem2, linked to atherosclerosis in Ldlr -/- mice, were identified specific to LAM. Pathway analysis showed Pdgfa, S100a8, and Mmp13 upregulation in LAM, crucial for atherosclerosis development. The probability model of cell-cell communication was established and characterized as 3 distinct cell patterns that enriched in pathways (Chemokine, Wnt & BMP signaling) implicated in atherosclerosis progression. Conclusion: scRNA-seq atlas reveals interactions among adipose cell types in lean and obese state. Inflammation triggers cellular distribution changes, with overlapping markers and pathways in vWAT and atherosclerosis emerging in disease progression. This dataset serves as a valuable resource for exploring genes and cell types involved in vWAT function in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
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