Abstract 1781: Elucidation of glutathione related dipeptide metabolism in cancer

Abstract

Abstract There is a long-standing belief that supplementation with antioxidants could potentially treat diseases like cancer. Recent year studies showed, however, that they can behave like a double-edged sword and can also increase tumor proliferation and metastatic progression. The exact mechanism behind antioxidants' impact on tumors is poorly understood. Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant antioxidant in mammalian cells, is a tripeptide containing glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. GSH levels are reported to be significantly elevated within the extracellular space of the tumor. Our preliminary findings show that the breakdown of extracellular GSH can support tumor cell survival under cystine-free conditions. Extracellular GSH catabolism releases cysteinylglycine, which can enter the cell through a dipeptide transporter and be further broken down to supply cysteine and glycine to cells. Alternatively, cysteinylglycine can also be broken down extracellularly into cysteine and glycine, allowing for the uptake of these individual peptides. The molecular mechanisms surrounding the utilization of GSH-breakdown products by the tumor cell are largely unknown. We hypothesize that the proteins responsible for the supply of cysteinylglycine to the tumor cell are required for tumor growth and survival. To test this, we will use unbiased genetic and pharmacologic screening approaches to elucidate the proteins involved in cysteinylglycine processing. Preliminarily, we have found that inhibitors of dipeptidases prevent the ability of cysteinylglycine to support tumor cell survival under cystine starvation, suggesting that tumors require downstream utilization of GSH products. By identifying the mechanisms involved in cysteinylglycine breakdown and supply to tumor cells, we will potentially reveal novel therapeutic targets for cancer treatment, including those not relied upon by normal tissues. Further, our studies will potentially provide a better understanding of how antioxidants impact tumor growth and progression. Citation Format: Fatemeh Alimohammadi, Fabio Hecht, Marco Zocchi, Emily Tuttle, Gloria Asantewaa, TashJae Scales, Nathan Ward, Gina DeNicola, Isaac Harris. Elucidation of glutathione related dipeptide metabolism in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1781.