Abstract 1749: Different dietary patterns and reduction of lung cancer risk: a large case-control study in the U.S

Abstract

Abstract Importance: Reducing lung cancer risk by modifying diet is highly desirable. However, the association of different U.S. dietary patterns with lung cancer risk is poorly understood, especially for regional dietary patterns. Objective: We investigated whether different U.S. dietary patterns were associated with lung cancer risk and whether the associations could be modified by genome-wide association study identified susceptibility loci. Design, Setting, and Participants: Study participants were accrued from a large ongoing case-control study of lung cancer initiated in 1995. Cases were newly-diagnosed and histologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer patients from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and healthy controls without a history of cancer were from the Kelsey-Seybold Clinics. We limited the analysis to non-Hispanic whites, and after exclusion, 2,139 cases and 2,163 frequency-matched controls on age (±5 years), sex, and smoking status (current, former, never) were included in the final analysis. Exposures: Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Three dietary patterns (i.e., “Tex-Mex”, “fruits and vegetables”, and “American/Western”) were derived using exploratory factor analysis, and factor scores of derived dietary patterns were categorized into quintiles. Main Outcome and Measure: The association between dietary patterns and lung cancer risk. Results: The adjusted odds ratios comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of the factor scores of “Tex-Mex”, “fruits and vegetables”, and “American/Western” patterns were 0.45 (95% CI = 0.37-0.56), 0.68 (95% CI = 0.55-0.85), and 1.45 (95% CI = 1.18-1.78), respectively. The effects were stronger for squamous cell carcinoma and among former or current smokers for the “fruits and vegetables” pattern, and stronger for other non-small cell lung cancer and among never smokers for the “American/Western” pattern. Additionally, a variant (rs2808630) of the C-reactive protein gene significantly modified the associations of the “fruits and vegetables” (P for interaction = 0.03) and “American/Western” (P for interaction = 0.02) patterns with lung cancer risk. Conclusions and Relevance: Our study provides the first evidence that the “Tex-Mex” dietary pattern is associated with reduced lung cancer risk. Also, the “fruits and vegetables” and “American/Western” patterns affects lung cancer risk, and the effects are further modified by host genetic background. Our results support modifying diet to reduce lung cancer risk. Citation Format: Huakang Tu, John V. Heymach, Chi-Pang Weng, Yuanqing Ye, Jeanne A. Pierzynski, Jack A. Roth, Xifeng Wu. Different dietary patterns and reduction of lung cancer risk: a large case-control study in the U.S. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1749.