Abstract
Background: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARSCoV-2 (coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19) has spread to most of countries in the world. The tight relationship of plasma lipids and COVID-19 pneumonia (NCIP-19) has not been well invested. To observe lipid profiles and their alterations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and evaluated the prognostic value of lipids for the length of hospital stay (LOS). Methods: 248 NCIP-19 cases aged 18 years or older were enrolled in this study. Serum lipids, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected at admission. In 68 severe cases, levels of serum lipids were subsequently detected every 5 ~ 10 days. Results: At admission, median levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in all patients, were 1.11 mmol/L, 4.00 mmol/L, 0.89 mmol/L and 2.11 mmol/L, respectively. Compared with common cases (n=174), higher TG and HDL-C, lower LDL-C were observed in severe cases (n=74). Levels of TC and LDL-C at admission were negatively correlated with LOS. In severe cases, the average levels of serum lipids were lowest at admission and gradually increased during hospitalization. Compared with the LOS≤29d group, serum levels of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C were significantly lower in the LOS>29d group at admission; this lower trend always existed during the following tests for TC and LDL-C, but not for HDL-C and TG. Patients with LDL-C≥1.70 mmol/L at admission showed a lower risk of LOS prolongation (adjusted HR=0.557, 95% CI: 0.409-0.759, p <0.001). Conclusions: In NCIP-19, serum lipid levels were low at admission. Levels of TC and LDL-C at admission were negatively correlated with LOS. LDL-C <1.7 mmol/L at admission may act as the independent predictor of LOS prolongation. In severe cases, the gradual increase of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C during the hospitalization might indicate the gradual recovery of the disease.
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