Abstract #1395812: Patterns and Influence of Cardio-Metabolic Insufficiency in Patients with Essential Hypertensive Disease and Concomitant Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome diseases, MSD (Hypertension, Adiposity, Diabetes mellitus and Dyslipidemia) are interrelated diseases with very high morbidity and mortality rates, thus requiring the search for new and effective treatment options [1]. The objective of the research was to study the patterns and influence of cardio-metabolic insufficiency in patients with essential hypertensive disease (EHD) and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 105 patients (56 females and 49 males), aged 41-70 years were examined for 3 months. The average age was (60.5±2.5) years. Group I (GI) included 25 patients with treatment-compensated essential hypertensive disease, II stage, 1-2 degree; Group II (GII) - 25 patients with subcompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) - from 7.0 to 11.0%); Group III (GIII) - 55 patients with treatment-compensated essential hypertensive disease, II stage, 1-2 degree and concomitant subcompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1C - from 7.0 to 11.0%). The control group consisted of 15 practically healthy volunteers, 10 (66.7%) females and 5 (33.3%) males, aged (62.5±4.5) years. The groups were randomized according to age, sex, BMI, duration of EHD and T2DM. In addition to general clinical examination conducted including blood lipid levels – triglycerides (TG), LDL, HDL, total cholesterol (TC); glucose metabolism was assessed using HbA1C index. Statistical analyses of the results of the research were carried out using "Statistica 13.4 for Windows" and Student’s t-test series. Research was conducted with strict adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki (DoH) 2013 concerning human research. More severe dyslipidemia (and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease) was found in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and concomitant essential hypertension [2, 3]. Dyslipidemia was more pronounced in patients with EHD and concomitant T2DM. TG, LDL and TC levels were 20.14%, 28.72% and 24.21% higher compared with GI (p<0.05). HDL was 13.7% lower in GII compared with GI (p<0.05). HbA1C in GIII patients was (9.41±0.42) % and in GII patients was (7.21±0.45) % (p<0.05). Correlations between HbA1C with TG, LDL and TC levels were (r=+0.42; r=+0.60; r=+0.49 respectively, p<0.05). Correlations between SBP (systolic blood pressure) with TG, LDL and TC were (r=+0.41; r=+0.52; r=+0.45 respectively, p<0.05). Correlations between HbA1C and SBP was (r=+0.62; p˂0.05). In patients with essential hypertensive disease and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is a remarkable tendency towards cardio-metabolic insufficiency as evidenced by increase in systolic blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia.