Abstract 11945: Improved Outcomes in Severe Primary Graft Dysfunction Following Heart Transplantation With Donation After Circulatory Death Compared to Donation After Brain Death

Abstract

Introduction: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD), the leading cause of early mortality after heart transplant, is more common following heart donation after circulatory death (DCD) than following donation after brain death (DBD). We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study to compare the incidence, severity, and outcomes of patients experiencing PGD after DCD compared to DBD heart transplant. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all adult heart transplant recipients at our institution between March 2016 and December 2021. Patients undergoing multi-organ transplant were excluded. PGD was diagnosed within 24 hours after transplant according to modified ISHLT criteria and was classified by severity and ventricles involved. Results: A total of 459 qualifying patients underwent heart transplant during the study period, of whom 65 (14%) were DCD recipients and 394 (86%) were DBD recipients. The incidence of PGD in DCD and DBD recipients was 34% and 23%, respectively (p = 0.070). DCD recipients were more likely to experience severe, biventricular PGD than DBD recipients (19% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.004). Among patients with severe PGD, DCD recipients experienced shorter duration of mechanical circulatory support (ECMO, VAD, or balloon pump; mean 6.0 ± 2.5 vs. 12.1 ± 11.3 days, p = 0.039; Figure), shorter post-transplant hospital length of stay (32.4 ± 41.1 vs. 61.9 ± 47.7 days, p = 0.004), and a trend toward improved 60-day survival (100% vs. 80%, p = 0.170) and one-year survival (92% [95% CI: 76%-100%] vs. 69% [53%-84%]). Conclusions: DCD heart transplant recipients were more likely to experience severe, biventricular PGD than DBD recipients. Despite this, short- and medium-term outcomes among patients with severe PGD were improved in DCD compared to DBD recipients. These data suggest different mechanisms of graft dysfunction and recovery following DCD compared to DBD and support the expansion of the heart donor pool with DCD in most potential recipients.