Abstract 1175: Race informs survival disparities in head and neck cancer clinical trials

Abstract

Abstract Background: Survival disparities between blacks and whites in head and neck cancer are well documented, with access to care and socioeconomic status (SES) as major contributors. However, the impact of race alone on survival is much less clear. Previous attempts to evaluate the role of race have been limited by access to care/SES as major confounders. We set out to directly assess the role of race in head and neck cancer by evaluating treatment outcomes of subjects enrolled in clinical trials. In this population, access to care and socioeconomic confounders are minimized because all patients receive identical treatments. Methods: Clinical trial data from the Radiation Therapy Oncology group (now NRG) studies were obtained by request. Seven RTOG Studies (RTOG 0129, 0234, 9003, 9111, 9501, 9512, 9703) were included for study. Studies were included if they were phase II or III trials that employed survival as an endpoint, e.g. progression free survival (PFS), disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS). Studies that were small (<200 patients) or did not use survival as an endpoint (e.g. side effect trial) were excluded. For each black patient enrolled in a clinical trial, a white patient matched in the same arm of that trial was used as a control. The study null-hypothesis was that there would be no race derived impact on survival and thus the chance of survival favoring either whites or blacks in each matched pair would be 50%. Results: Across the seven trials, 468 blacks were identified and matched with 468 white study arm specific controls. Whites had better outcomes than blacks in 60% of matched pairs (p<0.001). Blacks were consistently more likely to have worse outcomes. When outcomes were collapsed by PFS/DFS, the failure rate was significantly higher in blacks (HR=1.46, p<0.001)). Failure was largely due to locoregional failure, and blacks were at higher risk (sHR =1.43, p=0.002). The development of distant metastasis within the paired cohorts was not significantly different (sHR=1.15, p=0.38), suggesting that locoregional failure was the major driver of failure. Conclusions: In this analysis of head and neck cancer patients in clinical trials, blacks consistently had worse outcomes in comparison to study arm specific white controls. This suggests that race alone confers a worse survival independent of socioeconomic and access to care factors. Further study is needed to confirm these findings, and to explore other causes underlying this disparity. Citation Format: Jeffrey C. Liu, Brian Egleston, Elizabeth Blackman, Camille Ragin. Race informs survival disparities in head and neck cancer clinical trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1175.