Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had major impacts on all healthcare services, including cardiac imaging. In this study, we investigate annual changes in cardiac imaging procedural volume and reimbursement among Medicare Beneficiaries (MB) from 2018 to 2020. Methods: We used the Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services database to identify a 100% sample of MB who underwent cardiac imaging procedures from 2018 to 2020. Using the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, we identified transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), stress echocardiogram, and nuclear stress test procedures. We examined each procedure’s total, inpatient (facility), and outpatient (non-facility) annual volumes per 1,000 MB. We also examined the total annual Medicare reimbursement per imaging type during that period. We compared annual changes in volumes and total reimbursement between two-time intervals: 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Results: All annual cardiac imaging procedural volumes decreased significantly in 2020 compared to 2019 ( P<0.001 ). The biggest change was observed in TEE, which decreased by 29.20%, followed by stress echocardiography (26.01%), nuclear stress test (22.96%), and TTE (10.68%). The decrease was more evident in the inpatient setting. Inpatient stress echocardiography decreased by 27.04% (vs 23.82% in the outpatient setting), nuclear stress test decreased by 24.82% (vs 20.66%), and TTE decreased by 11.03% (vs 9.58%). There was also a significant reduction in total annual reimbursement for all procedures in 2020 compared to 2019 ( P=0.0015 ). Stress echocardiogram, nuclear stress test, TEE, and TTE reimbursement decreased by 28.08%, 24.00%, 21.11%, and 15.79%, respectively. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in annual cardiac imaging procedural volumes and total reimbursement among MB in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
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